järgmine
eelmine
punktid
European Union flag
Home
Topics
Analysis and data
Countries
Newsroom
About us

News

Suundumused ja prognoosid: ELi heitkoguste piiratud suurenemine keset pandeemiajärgset taastumist ja energiakriisi

Muutke keelt
News Avaldatud 2022-11-24 Viimati muudetud 2023-08-03
4 min read
Euroopa Keskkonnaameti (EEA) täna avaldatud suundumuste ja prognooside aruande kohaselt suurenesid 2021. aastal kasvuhoonegaaside heitkogused ja energiatarbimine peamiselt Euroopa pandeemiajärgse taastumise tõttu. Enamik ELi liikmesriike saavutasid edukalt ELi 2020. aasta kliima- ja energiaeesmärgid ning on pööranud nüüd tähelepanu kliimaneutraalsusele, käsitledes ka praegust energiavarustuse kriisi. Ambitsioonikamate 2030. aasta kliima- ja energiaeesmärkide saavutamiseks on vaja enam kui kahekordistada iga-aastaseid edusamme taastuvenergiaallikate kasutuselevõtul, energiatarbimise ja kasvuhoonegaaside heitkoguste vähendamisel.

Energia säästmine ja taastuvenergiaallikate tugevdamine on otsustava tähtsusega mitte üksnes toimetulekuks vahetu energiakriisiga, vaid ka kliimaneutraalsuse saavutamiseks,

Pärast pikka perioodi, mil kasvuhoonegaaside heide Euroopas vähenes, on majanduse taastumine COVID-19 liikumispiirangutest põhjustanud heitkoguste suurenemist, eelkõige transpordi-, tööstus- ja energiavarustussektoris, vastavalt EEA 2022. aasta aruande „Trends and Projections in Europe 2022“ jaoks esitatud andmetele. Ähvardava energiakriisi ja eelkõige kõrge gaasihinna tõttu läks energiavarustussektor osaliselt üle CO2-mahukama energia kütustele, samas kui viimastel aastatel täheldatud taastuvenergia jõuline kasv aeglustus 2021. aastal. Selle arengu vastustamiseks on oluline, et tänased energiataristu otsused võtaksid arvesse tuleviku kliimaneutraalsuse eesmärke, et vältida sõltuvust CO2-mahuka tootmise mõjust.

„Lähikuudel ja -aastatel on vaja võtta kriitilise tähtsusega meetmeid, tagamaks, et ELi liikmesriigid saaksid kehtestada ambitsioonikad heitkoguste vähendamise kavad, et täita ELi kliimaeesmärgid. Kuigi sel talvel on vaja lühiajalisi energiavarustuse suurendamise meetmeid, ei tohiks need investeeringud sundida Euroopat jääma sõltuma fossiilkütustest veel paljudeks aastateks. Energia säästmine ja taastuvenergiaallikate tugevdamine on otsustava tähtsusega mitte üksnes toimetulekuks vahetu energiakriisiga, vaid ka kliimaneutraalsuse saavutamiseks,“ ütles EEA tegevdirektor Hans Bruyninckx.

 

Heitkogused suurenevad jälle, energiatarbimine kasvab

ELi liikmesriikide teatatud esialgsete andmete kohaselt suurenesid kasvuhoonegaaside heitkogused 2021. aastal 5% võrra võrreldes 2020. aastaga (koos rahvusvahelise lennundusega). Heitkogused on siiski jäänud oluliselt väiksemaks kui COVIDi-eelne 2019. aasta tase.

Hinnangud viitavad, et 2020. aastaga võrreldes suurenes energiatarbimine 2021. aastal nii primaar- kui lõppenergia tarbimise osas (vastavalt 6% ja 5%). Primaarenergia tarbimine mõõdab energianõudlust ja lõppenergia tarbimine viitab sellele, mida lõppkasutajad tegelikult kasutavad. Seda energiakasutuse suurenemist saab suuresti seostada majanduse taastumisega. 2021. aastal ei olnud veel märgatav kasvavate energiahindade mõju aastatarbimise arvnäitajatele. Võib eeldada, et see on ilmsem 2022. aastal.

Esialgsed andmed näitavad, et taastuvenergiaallikate osakaal Euroopas oli 2021. aasta energiatarbimisest endiselt 22%, mis katkestas muidu suure viimaste aastate kasvu. Seda saab seletada tuuleenergia ja hüdroenergia väiksema panusega 2021. aastal ning energiatarbimise suurenemisega.

 

Eelolev aasta on kriitiline liikumisel 2030. aasta eesmärkide saavutamise poole

Lähiaastatel on vaja aastast aastasse säilitada oluline heitkoguste vähenemine, et saavutada kliimaneutraalsus pikas perspektiivis. Euroopa kliimamäärusega suurendati 2030. aasta eesmärki vähendada kasvuhoonegaaside netoheidet 2030. aastaks vähemalt 55% võrreldes 1990. aasta heitkogustega. Praegu peavad Euroopa Parlament ja liikmesriigid läbirääkimisi tervikliku paketi „Eesmärk 55“ üle, võttes samas arvesse ka 2022. aasta kava „RePowerEU“.

Et saavutada 2030. aasta eesmärk 55% kasvuhoonegaaside netoheitest, peaks heide 2021. aasta hinnangulise tasemega võrreldes vähenema keskmiselt 134 miljoni tonni süsinikdioksiidi (CO2 ekvivalendi miljoni tonni) võrra aastas. See on üle kahe korra suurem kui aasta keskmine vähenemine, mis saavutati aastatel 1990–2020. Kõik sektorid peavad oluliselt tõhustama oma tegevust kasvuhoonegaaside heitkoguste vähendamisel. Lisaks tuleb suurendada CO2 eemaldamist maakasutuse, maakasutuse muutmise ja metsanduse kaudu, muutes vastupidiseks praeguse suundumuse, kui CO2 sidumine väheneb ELis.

Samal ajal peaks energiakasutus järgmistel aastatel oluliselt vähenema – kava „REPowerEU“ raames hiljuti esitatud 2030. aasta eesmärk nõuab iga-aastase energiasäästu enam kui kahekordistamist aastatel 2022–2030. Sama kehtib taastuvenergia kohta: alates 2005. aastast on taastuvenergia osakaal Euroopa summaarses energia lõpptarbimises kasvanud keskmiselt 0,8 protsendipunkti aastas. See arv peaks 2030. aastaks suurenema 2,5 protsendipunktini aastas, et saavutada kavas „REPowerEU“ esitatud suurem taastuvenergia eesmärk 45%.

Kuigi liikmesriikide tasandil on juba saavutatud olulist edu, ei ole praegused poliitikad ja meetmed piisavad uute ambitsioonikate kliima- ja energiaeesmärkide täitmiseks. Liikmesriigid esitavad 2023. aasta keskpaigaks riiklike energia- ja kliimakavade ajakohastatud versioonid. See annab neile võimaluse tõhustada oma meetmeid ja töötada välja kavad kuni 2030. aastani, mis kajastavad ELi uusi ambitsioone ja kliimaneutraalsuse eesmärki.

 

EEA’s climate and energy package:

Updated climate and energy indicators:

Seotud sisu

Põhineb andmetel

Data Greenhouse gas emissions under the Effort Sharing Decision (ESD) The Effort Sharing Decision (ESD) No 406/2009/EC establishes annual greenhouse gas emission targets for Member States for the period 2013–2020. These targets concern emissions from most sectors not included in the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS), such as transport, buildings, agriculture and waste. Emissions from land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF) and international shipping are not included. Every year, the EEA coordinates the ESD review of Member States’ greenhouse gas inventories, so that the European Commission can determine compliance with the annual ESD targets on the basis of accurate, reliable and verified emission data. Review reports and final ESD emissions are published by the European Commission. ESD emissions for the period 2005–2012 and for the latest year ("Y-1") are estimated by EEA on the basis of national GHG inventory data and ETS emissions.
Data Approximated estimates for greenhouse gas emissions The Governance Regulation ((EU) 2018/1999) requires Member States to annually report approximated greenhouse gas inventories by 31 July. A Union approximated greenhouse gas inventory is annually compiled on the basis of the Member States’ approximated greenhouse gas inventories or, if a Member State has not communicated its approximated inventories by that date, on the basis of own estimates.
Data Approximated estimates for the primary and final consumption of energy in 2021 (EEA 2021 proxies on primary and final energy consumption) The Energy Efficiency Directive 2012/27/EU (EED) and amending directive 2018/2002/EU establish a common framework for the promotion of energy efficiency within the Union in order to ensure the achievement of the Union’s target of 20 % reduction in energy consumption by 2020 and 32 % by 2030, and to pave the way for further energy efficiency improvements beyond that date. It also calls on Member States to set their own indicative national energy efficiency targets. Since early access to the most recent information on energy consumption is relevant for all stakeholders, the EEA and its European Topic Centre for Climate Change Mitigation and Energy (ETC/CME) produce each year a set of early estimates concerning the consumption of primary and final energy in the previous year, across the EU as a whole and in each Member State. These estimates are compatible with the scope of the energy efficiency targets for 2020 and 2030, and they correspond to the indicator codes PEC2020-2030 and FEC2020-2030 from Eurostat. The current data set concerns the EEA 2021 proxies on primary and final energy consumption (PEC2020-2030; FEC2020-2030).
Data Approximated estimates for the share of gross final consumption of renewable energy sources in 2021 (EEA 2021 RES share proxies) The Renewable Energy Directive 2009/28/EC and its recast 2018/2001/EU commit the EU to achieving a 20 % share of renewable energy sources (RES) in its gross final energy consumption by 2020, and 32 % by 2030. They also set a target of 10 % share of renewable energy in transport by 2020, and 14% by 2030. Since early access to the most recent information on the growth of RES is relevant for all stakeholders, the EEA and its European Topic Centre for Climate Change Mitigation and Energy (ETC/CME) produce each year a set of early estimates concerning the RES shares achieved by the countries and the EU as a whole in the previous year. The current data set concerns the EEA 2021 RES share proxies. The cut-off date for most data sources incorporated in the calculation of the approximated RES shares is 31 July of the publication year.
Data Member States' greenhouse gas (GHG) emission projections The Governance of the Energy Union and Climate Action ((EU) 2018/1999) requires Member States to report national projections of anthropogenic GHG emissions. Every two years, each EU Member State shall report GHG projections in a ‘with existing measures’ scenario for the years 2020, 2025, 2030, 2035 and 2040, by gas (or group of gases) and by sector. National projections shall take into consideration any policies and measures adopted at Union level. The reported data are quality checked by the EEA and its European Topic Centre for Climate Change Mitigation and Energy (ETC/CME).

Uudised ja artiklid

Related briefings

Tutvustus Managing non-packaging plastics in European waste streams — the missing part of the plastic puzzle Plastic is used in many ways and in large quantities across Europe. Environmental concerns make this a key focus for policy. Currently, most policy actions focus on plastic packaging, even though a large proportion of plastics are used for non-packaging applications, such as construction, furniture and consumer electronics. Improved reporting on the flows of non-packaging plastics is needed to inform the development of effective policies and measures that target this significant waste stream and increase resource efficiency, in line with the aims of the circular economy action plan.
Tutvustus Methane emissions in the EU: the key to immediate action on climate change This briefing provides an overview of the key sources of methane (CH4) in the EU and the trends in and drivers of emissions since 1990. It looks at projections, policies and measures implemented, and relevant EU legislation in force and forthcoming. It also describes the main EU and international policy processes for reducing CH4 emissions, which contribute to achieving the objectives of the Paris Agreement and climate neutrality. The EEA has developed a ‘methane emissions’ visualisation tool to underpin the briefing, where users can see countries’ CH4 emissions as reported in their greenhouse gas inventories.

Seotud indikaatorid

Indicator Assessment Greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture in Europe Greenhouse gas emissions from the agriculture sector are covered by national annual emission targets. Between 2005 and 2019, the EU’s agriculture emissions remained stable. Current national projections only foresee a modest decline of 2% by 2030, compared with 2005 levels, and a 5% reduction with the implementation of currently planned measures. This projected progress remains largely insufficient and highlights the need for further action if Member States are to reach their binding annual targets and the EU its climate neutrality goal by 2050.
Indicator Assessment Primary and final energy consumption in Europe The Covid-19 pandemic had a profound impact on energy consumption in the European Union. In 2020, the EU’s primary energy consumption (for all energy uses) experienced a historical drop following 2 years of moderate reductions. Final energy consumption (by end users) also saw a significant decrease, albeit less pronounced. This contributed to the EU meeting their 2020 energy efficiency targets for both primary and final energy consumption. A rebound must be avoided; and long-term reductions remain necessary to achieve the EU’s energy and climate objectives for 2030 and 2050.
Indicator Assessment Share of energy consumption from renewable sources in Europe With a 21.3% share of energy consumed from renewable sources in 2020, the EU has reached its headline target (20%) for 2020, according to EEA early estimates. This success builds upon years of consistent work by all Member States, even if national progress is uneven. The exceptional circumstances of 2020, marked by disruptions in all economic sectors due to the pandemic, have facilitated meeting the renewable energy target by lowering total energy consumption. An unprecedented transformation in the energy system will still be necessary to meet the 32% renewable energy target set for 2030.
Indicator Assessment Greenhouse gas emission intensity of fuels and biofuels for road transport in Europe In 2019, the EU was not on track to meet its target to reduce the greenhouse gas emission intensity of fuels sold for road transport to 6% below 2010 levels by 2020. Between 2010 and 2019, emission intensity decreased by 4.3%, mostly due to the increased use of biofuels. Finland and Sweden are the only Member States whose emission intensities decreased by more than 6%, with the Netherlands reporting a 5.8% reduction in 2019. If the indirect land use change (ILUC) effects of biofuel production are considered, the emission intensity of fuels sold in the EU also decreased between 2018 and 2019, due to the limited substitution of oil crops as feedstocks by sugars.
Indicator Assessment Use of renewable energy for transport in Europe The share of energy from renewable sources used for transport in the EU increased from under 2% in 2005 to almost 9% in 2019. Preliminary EEA data indicate that in 2020, this increased further to 10.1%. This suggests that collectively the EU countries reached the 10% target for share of energy from renewable sources in all forms of transport. However, EEA preliminary estimates show that this target was actually achieved by less than half of EU Member States.
Indicator Assessment Greenhouse gas emissions from transport in Europe Greenhouse gas emissions from the EU’s transport sector increased steadily between 2013 and 2019, a trend that diverges significantly from those in other sectors during that period. Preliminary estimates for 2020 indicate a substantial drop in transport emissions, due to decreased activity during the Covid-19 pandemic. It is anticipated that transport emissions will rebound after 2020. National projections compiled by the EEA indicate that even with measures currently planned in the Member States, domestic transport emissions will only drop below their 1990 level in 2029. International transport emissions (aviation and maritime) are projected to continue increasing.
Indicator Assessment Greenhouse gas emission intensity of electricity generation in Europe The greenhouse gas emission intensity of power generation in the EU has been continuously decreasing over the last three decades: generating 1 kilowatt hour in 2020 emitted, on average, half as much CO 2 as in 1990. Policies have been playing an important role in driving this shift towards less carbon-intensive energy sources, in particular those addressing climate change, renewable energy supply and efficient energy use, and industrial emissions. The Covid-19 pandemic hardly affected electricity use in 2020, but the continued growth of renewable electricity caused a further drop in the greenhouse gas emission intensity of electricity generation.
Indicator Assessment New registrations of electric vehicles in Europe The uptake of electric vehicles in Europe is increasing, in line with the EU’s policy objective of reducing greenhouse gas emissions from transport. However, market penetration remains relatively low. In 2019, electric car registrations were close to 550 000 units, having reached 300 000 units in 2018. This represents an increase from 2 to 3.5 % of total car registrations. The uptake of electric vans also increased, from 0.8 % of total registrations in 2018 to 1.3 % in 2019. Battery electric vehicles, rather than plug-in hybrid, accounted for the majority of electric vehicle registrations in 2019 for cars and vans.

Sarnased publikatsioonid

Vaata lisaks

Permalinks

Geographic coverage

Temporal coverage

For references, please go to https://eea.europa.eu./et/highlights/suundumused-ja-prognoosid-eli-heitkoguste or scan the QR code.

PDF generated on 2024-11-23 02:06

EEA Page URL QR

Topics

Tegevused dokumentidega
The EEA is an agency of the European Union

Engineered by: EEA veebitöögrupp

Software updated on 26 September 2023 08:13 from version 23.8.18

Software version: EEA Plone KGS 23.9.14

Kood arendajatele

Systems Status

Õigusalane teave

Creative commons license

CMS-i logimine