seguinte
anterior
itens
European Union flag
Home
Topics
Analysis and data
Countries
Newsroom
About us

Notícias

Tendências e projeções: ressalto limitado das emissões da UE num contexto de recuperação pós-pandemia e de crise energética

Mudar de idioma
Notícias Publicado 2022-11-24 Modificado pela última vez 2023-08-03
5 min read
As emissões de gases com efeito de estufa e o consumo de energia aumentaram em 2021, principalmente devido à recuperação pós-pandemia na Europa, de acordo com o último relatório «Trends and Projections» (Tendências e Projeções) publicado hoje pela Agência Europeia do Ambiente (AEA). A maioria dos Estados-Membros da UE alcançou com êxito as metas da UE em matéria de clima e energia para 2020 e está agora de olhos postos na neutralidade climática, ao mesmo tempo que enfrenta a atual crise de aprovisionamento energético. Para atingir as metas mais ambiciosos em matéria de clima e energia para 2030 será necessário mais do que duplicar os progressos anuais na implantação das energias renováveis, na redução do consumo de energia e nas emissões de gases com efeito de estufa.

A poupança de energia e o reforço das fontes de energia renováveis são fundamentais não só para fazer face à crise energética imediata, mas também para alcançar a neutralidade climática

Após um longo período de redução das emissões de gases com efeito de estufa na Europa, a recuperação económica após os períodos de confinamentos ligados à COVID-19 conduziu a um aumento das emissões, em especial no setor dos transportes, da indústria e do aprovisionamento energético, de acordo com os dados comunicados para o relatório da AEA «Trends and Projections in Europe 2022» (Tendências e Projeções na Europa 2022). Com uma crise energética iminente e, em especial, um preço elevado do gás, o setor do aprovisionamento energético assistiu a uma transição parcial para combustíveis de maior intensidade carbónica, enquanto o forte crescimento das energias renováveis observado nos últimos anos perdeu ritmo em 2021. Para contrariar esta evolução, é fundamental que as decisões do presente em matéria de infraestruturas energéticas tenham em conta o objetivo de neutralidade climática do futuro, por forma a evitar efeitos de dependência do carbono.

«Serão necessárias medidas críticas nos próximos meses e anos para garantir que os Estados-Membros da UE possam pôr em prática planos ambiciosos de redução das emissões para cumprir as metas climáticas da UE. Embora este inverno seja necessário tomar medidas a curto prazo para aumentar o aprovisionamento energético, estes investimentos não devem amarrar a Europa a muitos mais anos de dependência dos combustíveis fósseis. A poupança de energia e o reforço das fontes de energia renováveis são fundamentais não só para fazer face à crise energética imediata, mas também para alcançar a neutralidade climática», declarou Hans Bruyninckx, Diretor Executivo da AEA.

 

As emissões aumentam e o consumo de energia sobe

De acordo com os dados preliminares comunicados pelos Estados-Membros da UE, em 2021 as emissões de gases com efeito de estufa aumentaram 5 % em relação a 2020, incluindo a aviação internacional. As emissões, continuam, contudo, muito abaixo do nível pré-COVID de 2019.

As estimativas apontam para um aumento do consumo de energia em 2021 em comparação com 2022, tanto para o consumo de energia primária (6 %) como para o consumo da energia final (5 %). O consumo de energia primária mede a procura de energia, enquanto o consumo de energia final corresponde à energia que os utilizadores finais efetivamente utilizam. Este aumento da utilização de energia pode ser atribuído, em larga medida, à recuperação económica. Em 2021, o efeito do aumento dos preços da energia nos valores do consumo anual ainda não foi visível, sendo de esperar que esse efeito se torne mais evidente em 2022.

Os dados preliminares indicam que a quota-parte do total das fontes de energia renováveis no consumo de energia em 2021 na Europa se manteve em 22 %, interrompendo o forte crescimento dos últimos anos. Tal pode ser explicado pelas contribuições menos importantes da energia eólica e hidroelétrica em 2021, juntamento com os ressaltos do consumo de energia.

 

O próximo ano será um ano crítico para a realização de progressos nas metas para 2030

Nos próximos anos, será necessário manter níveis substanciais de redução das emissões ano após ano para se alcançar a neutralidade climática a longo prazo. Com a Lei Europeia em matéria de Clima, a meta de redução para 2030 foi aumentada para uma redução de, pelo menos, 55 % das emissões líquidas de gases com efeito de estufa (GEE) até 2030, em comparação com os níveis de 1990. Neste momento, o Parlamento Europeu e os Estados-Membros estão a negociar o pacote de propostas «Objetivo 55», tendo simultaneamente em conta a proposta do plano REPowerEU de 2022.

Para atingir o objetivo de 55 % de emissões líquidas de GEE até 2030, as emissões terão de diminuir 134 milhões de toneladas de dióxido de carbono (Mt de equivalente CO2) por ano, em média, em relação aos níveis estimados em 2021. Isto representa mais do dobro da redução média anual realizada entre 1990 e 2020. Todos os setores devem intensificar significativamente os esforços de redução das emissões de gases com efeito de estufa. Além disso, será necessário aumentar a remoção de CO2 através do uso do solo, da alteração do uso do solo e das florestas, invertendo a atual tendência de decréscimo dos sumidouros de carbono na UE.

Ao mesmo tempo, o consumo de energia deve diminuir substancialmente nos próximos anos — para atingir o objetivo recentemente proposto para 2030 no quadro do REPowerEU, as poupanças anuais de energia no período 2022-2030 devem mais do duplicar. O mesmo se aplica às energias renováveis: desde 2005, a quota-parte das energias renováveis no consumo final bruto de energia da Europa aumentou, em média, 0,8 pontos percentuais por ano. Este número deverá aumentar para 2,5 pontos percentuais por ano até 2030, para se conseguir cumprir o objetivo de aumento de 45 % de energias renováveis proposto no REPowerEU.

A nível dos Estados-Membros, embora tenham sido realizados progressos substanciais, as atuais políticas e medidas não são suficientes para atingir os novos objetivos ambiciosos em matéria de clima e energia. Até meados de 2023, os Estados-Membros apresentarão os seus projetos de atualização dos planos nacionais em matéria de energia e clima. Tal dar-lhes-á a oportunidade de intensificar as suas medidas e de elaborar planos para o período até 2030 que reflitam as novas ambições da UE e o objetivo de neutralidade climática.

 

EEA’s climate and energy package:

Updated climate and energy indicators:

Conteúdo relacionado

Baseado em dados

Data Greenhouse gas emissions under the Effort Sharing Decision (ESD) The Effort Sharing Decision (ESD) No 406/2009/EC establishes annual greenhouse gas emission targets for Member States for the period 2013–2020. These targets concern emissions from most sectors not included in the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS), such as transport, buildings, agriculture and waste. Emissions from land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF) and international shipping are not included. Every year, the EEA coordinates the ESD review of Member States’ greenhouse gas inventories, so that the European Commission can determine compliance with the annual ESD targets on the basis of accurate, reliable and verified emission data. Review reports and final ESD emissions are published by the European Commission. ESD emissions for the period 2005–2012 and for the latest year ("Y-1") are estimated by EEA on the basis of national GHG inventory data and ETS emissions.
Data Approximated estimates for greenhouse gas emissions The Governance Regulation ((EU) 2018/1999) requires Member States to annually report approximated greenhouse gas inventories by 31 July. A Union approximated greenhouse gas inventory is annually compiled on the basis of the Member States’ approximated greenhouse gas inventories or, if a Member State has not communicated its approximated inventories by that date, on the basis of own estimates.
Data Approximated estimates for the primary and final consumption of energy in 2021 (EEA 2021 proxies on primary and final energy consumption) The Energy Efficiency Directive 2012/27/EU (EED) and amending directive 2018/2002/EU establish a common framework for the promotion of energy efficiency within the Union in order to ensure the achievement of the Union’s target of 20 % reduction in energy consumption by 2020 and 32 % by 2030, and to pave the way for further energy efficiency improvements beyond that date. It also calls on Member States to set their own indicative national energy efficiency targets. Since early access to the most recent information on energy consumption is relevant for all stakeholders, the EEA and its European Topic Centre for Climate Change Mitigation and Energy (ETC/CME) produce each year a set of early estimates concerning the consumption of primary and final energy in the previous year, across the EU as a whole and in each Member State. These estimates are compatible with the scope of the energy efficiency targets for 2020 and 2030, and they correspond to the indicator codes PEC2020-2030 and FEC2020-2030 from Eurostat. The current data set concerns the EEA 2021 proxies on primary and final energy consumption (PEC2020-2030; FEC2020-2030).
Data Approximated estimates for the share of gross final consumption of renewable energy sources in 2021 (EEA 2021 RES share proxies) The Renewable Energy Directive 2009/28/EC and its recast 2018/2001/EU commit the EU to achieving a 20 % share of renewable energy sources (RES) in its gross final energy consumption by 2020, and 32 % by 2030. They also set a target of 10 % share of renewable energy in transport by 2020, and 14% by 2030. Since early access to the most recent information on the growth of RES is relevant for all stakeholders, the EEA and its European Topic Centre for Climate Change Mitigation and Energy (ETC/CME) produce each year a set of early estimates concerning the RES shares achieved by the countries and the EU as a whole in the previous year. The current data set concerns the EEA 2021 RES share proxies. The cut-off date for most data sources incorporated in the calculation of the approximated RES shares is 31 July of the publication year.
Data Member States' greenhouse gas (GHG) emission projections The Governance of the Energy Union and Climate Action ((EU) 2018/1999) requires Member States to report national projections of anthropogenic GHG emissions. Every two years, each EU Member State shall report GHG projections in a ‘with existing measures’ scenario for the years 2020, 2025, 2030, 2035 and 2040, by gas (or group of gases) and by sector. National projections shall take into consideration any policies and measures adopted at Union level. The reported data are quality checked by the EEA and its European Topic Centre for Climate Change Mitigation and Energy (ETC/CME).

Notícias e artigos

Related briefings

Notas Managing non-packaging plastics in European waste streams — the missing part of the plastic puzzle Plastic is used in many ways and in large quantities across Europe. Environmental concerns make this a key focus for policy. Currently, most policy actions focus on plastic packaging, even though a large proportion of plastics are used for non-packaging applications, such as construction, furniture and consumer electronics. Improved reporting on the flows of non-packaging plastics is needed to inform the development of effective policies and measures that target this significant waste stream and increase resource efficiency, in line with the aims of the circular economy action plan.
Notas Methane emissions in the EU: the key to immediate action on climate change This briefing provides an overview of the key sources of methane (CH4) in the EU and the trends in and drivers of emissions since 1990. It looks at projections, policies and measures implemented, and relevant EU legislation in force and forthcoming. It also describes the main EU and international policy processes for reducing CH4 emissions, which contribute to achieving the objectives of the Paris Agreement and climate neutrality. The EEA has developed a ‘methane emissions’ visualisation tool to underpin the briefing, where users can see countries’ CH4 emissions as reported in their greenhouse gas inventories.

Indicadores relacionados

Indicator Assessment Greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture in Europe Greenhouse gas emissions from the agriculture sector are covered by national annual emission targets. Between 2005 and 2019, the EU’s agriculture emissions remained stable. Current national projections only foresee a modest decline of 2% by 2030, compared with 2005 levels, and a 5% reduction with the implementation of currently planned measures. This projected progress remains largely insufficient and highlights the need for further action if Member States are to reach their binding annual targets and the EU its climate neutrality goal by 2050.
Indicator Assessment Primary and final energy consumption in Europe The Covid-19 pandemic had a profound impact on energy consumption in the European Union. In 2020, the EU’s primary energy consumption (for all energy uses) experienced a historical drop following 2 years of moderate reductions. Final energy consumption (by end users) also saw a significant decrease, albeit less pronounced. This contributed to the EU meeting their 2020 energy efficiency targets for both primary and final energy consumption. A rebound must be avoided; and long-term reductions remain necessary to achieve the EU’s energy and climate objectives for 2030 and 2050.
Indicator Assessment Share of energy consumption from renewable sources in Europe With a 21.3% share of energy consumed from renewable sources in 2020, the EU has reached its headline target (20%) for 2020, according to EEA early estimates. This success builds upon years of consistent work by all Member States, even if national progress is uneven. The exceptional circumstances of 2020, marked by disruptions in all economic sectors due to the pandemic, have facilitated meeting the renewable energy target by lowering total energy consumption. An unprecedented transformation in the energy system will still be necessary to meet the 32% renewable energy target set for 2030.
Indicator Assessment Greenhouse gas emission intensity of fuels and biofuels for road transport in Europe In 2019, the EU was not on track to meet its target to reduce the greenhouse gas emission intensity of fuels sold for road transport to 6% below 2010 levels by 2020. Between 2010 and 2019, emission intensity decreased by 4.3%, mostly due to the increased use of biofuels. Finland and Sweden are the only Member States whose emission intensities decreased by more than 6%, with the Netherlands reporting a 5.8% reduction in 2019. If the indirect land use change (ILUC) effects of biofuel production are considered, the emission intensity of fuels sold in the EU also decreased between 2018 and 2019, due to the limited substitution of oil crops as feedstocks by sugars.
Indicator Assessment Use of renewable energy for transport in Europe The share of energy from renewable sources used for transport in the EU increased from under 2% in 2005 to almost 9% in 2019. Preliminary EEA data indicate that in 2020, this increased further to 10.1%. This suggests that collectively the EU countries reached the 10% target for share of energy from renewable sources in all forms of transport. However, EEA preliminary estimates show that this target was actually achieved by less than half of EU Member States.
Indicator Assessment Greenhouse gas emissions from transport in Europe Greenhouse gas emissions from the EU’s transport sector increased steadily between 2013 and 2019, a trend that diverges significantly from those in other sectors during that period. Preliminary estimates for 2020 indicate a substantial drop in transport emissions, due to decreased activity during the Covid-19 pandemic. It is anticipated that transport emissions will rebound after 2020. National projections compiled by the EEA indicate that even with measures currently planned in the Member States, domestic transport emissions will only drop below their 1990 level in 2029. International transport emissions (aviation and maritime) are projected to continue increasing.
Indicator Assessment Greenhouse gas emission intensity of electricity generation in Europe The greenhouse gas emission intensity of power generation in the EU has been continuously decreasing over the last three decades: generating 1 kilowatt hour in 2020 emitted, on average, half as much CO 2 as in 1990. Policies have been playing an important role in driving this shift towards less carbon-intensive energy sources, in particular those addressing climate change, renewable energy supply and efficient energy use, and industrial emissions. The Covid-19 pandemic hardly affected electricity use in 2020, but the continued growth of renewable electricity caused a further drop in the greenhouse gas emission intensity of electricity generation.
Indicator Assessment New registrations of electric vehicles in Europe The uptake of electric vehicles in Europe is increasing, in line with the EU’s policy objective of reducing greenhouse gas emissions from transport. However, market penetration remains relatively low. In 2019, electric car registrations were close to 550 000 units, having reached 300 000 units in 2018. This represents an increase from 2 to 3.5 % of total car registrations. The uptake of electric vans also increased, from 0.8 % of total registrations in 2018 to 1.3 % in 2019. Battery electric vehicles, rather than plug-in hybrid, accounted for the majority of electric vehicle registrations in 2019 for cars and vans.

Outras publicações

Ver também

Permalinks

Geographic coverage

Temporal coverage

For references, please go to https://eea.europa.eu./pt/highlights/tendencias-e-projecoes-ressalto-limitado or scan the QR code.

PDF generated on 2024-11-22 20:31

EEA Page URL QR

Topics

Ações do documento
The EEA is an agency of the European Union

Engineered by: Equipa Web EEA

Software updated on 26 September 2023 08:13 from version 23.8.18

Software version: EEA Plone KGS 23.9.14

Código para desenvolvedores

Systems Status

Legal Notices

Creative commons license

CMS de login