nākamais
iepriekšējais
temati
European Union flag
Home
Topics
Analysis and data
Countries
Newsroom
About us

Jaunumi

Tendences un prognozes: ES emisiju ierobežots kāpums, ņemot vērā atveseļošanos pēc pandēmijas un enerģētikas krīzi

Mainīt valodu
Jaunumi Publicēts 24.11.2022 Pēdējās izmaiņas 03.08.2023
5 min read
Siltumnīcefekta gāzu emisijas un enerģijas patēriņš 2021. gadā palielinājās galvenokārt saistībā ar Eiropas atveseļošanos pēc pandēmijas - to liecina jaunākais ziņojums “Tendences un prognozes”, ko šodien publicējusi Eiropas Vides aģentūra (EVA). Lielākā daļa ES dalībvalstu ir sekmīgi sasniegušas ES 2020. gada klimata un enerģētikas mērķrādītājus un tagad pievērš lielāku uzmanību klimatneitralitātei, vienlaikus risinot arī pašreizējās energoapgādes krīzes jautājumus. Lai sasniegtu vērienīgākos 2030. gada klimata un enerģētikas mērķrādītājus, nāksies vairāk nekā divkāršot ikgadējo progresu, ieviešot atjaunojamos energoresursus un samazinot enerģijas patēriņu un siltumnīcefekta gāzu emisijas.

Enerģijas taupīšana un atjaunojamo enerģijas avotu nostiprināšana ir ļoti svarīga ne tikai pašreizējās enerģētikas krīzes pārvarēšanai, bet arī klimatneitralitātes sasniegšanai,

Pēc ilgstošas siltumnīcefekta gāzu emisiju samazināšanās Eiropā ekonomikas atveseļošanās pēc COVID-19 ierobežojumu atcelšanas ir izraisījusi emisiju pieaugumu, jo īpaši transporta, rūpniecības un energoapgādes nozarēs, liecina dati, kas iesniegti EVA ziņojumam “Tendences un prognozes Eiropā 2022. gadā”. Ņemot vērā draudošo enerģētikas krīzi un jo īpaši augstās gāzes cenas, energoapgādes nozarē notika daļēja pāreja uz tādu kurināmo, kas rada lielāku oglekļa dioksīda daudzumu, savukārt pēdējos gados novērotais būtiskais atjaunojamo energoresursu izmantošanas pieaugums 2021. gadā ir palēninājies. Lai ierobežotu minētās tendences, ir ļoti svarīgi, lai šodienas lēmumos par enerģētikas infrastruktūru, tiek ņemts vērā klimatneitralitātes mērķrādītājs nākotnē, nepieļaujot oglekļiesīksti.

“Nākamajos mēnešos un gados būs nepieciešama aktīva rīcība, lai ES dalībvalstis var ieviest vērienīgus emisiju samazināšanas plānus, sasniedzot ES klimata mērķrādītājus. Lai gan šoziem ir nepieciešami īstermiņa pasākumi energoapgādes palielināšanai, šiem pasākumiem nevajadzētu ievest Eiropu vēl daudzus gadus ilgā atkarībā no fosilā kurināmā. Enerģijas taupīšana un atjaunojamo enerģijas avotu nostiprināšana ir ļoti svarīga ne tikai pašreizējās enerģētikas krīzes pārvarēšanai, bet arī klimatneitralitātes sasniegšanai,” sacīja EVA izpilddirektorsHans Bruyninckx.

 

Emisiju pieaugums: enerģijas patēriņš palielinās

Saskaņā ar ES dalībvalstu paziņotajiem provizoriskajiem datiem siltumnīcefekta gāzu emisijas 2021. gadā, salīdzinot ar 2020. gadu, ir pieaugušas par 5 %, tostarp starptautiskajā aviācijā. Tomēr šīs emisijas joprojām ir būtiski zemākas par 2019. gada līmeni pirms Covid-19.

Aplēses liecina, ka enerģijas patēriņš 2021. gadā ir palielinājies gan primārā, gan galīgā enerģijas patēriņa aspektā, attiecīgi par 6 % un 5 %, salīdzinot ar 2020. gadu. Primārais enerģijas patēriņš izsaka enerģijas pieprasījumu, savukārt galīgais enerģijas patēriņš norāda, cik galalietotāji faktiski patērē. Šādu enerģijas patēriņa palielināšanos lielā mērā var saistīt ar ekonomikas atveseļošanos. Energoresursu cenu 2021. gada pieauguma ietekme uz gada patēriņa rādītājiem vēl nebija redzama, un ir gaidāms, ka tā būs izteiktāka 2022. gadā.

Provizoriskie dati liecina, ka Eiropas kopējais atjaunojamo enerģijas avotu īpatsvars enerģijas patēriņā 2021. gadā ir saglabājies 22 % līmenī, pārtraucot pēdējo gadu spēcīgo pieaugumu. To var izskaidrot ar mazāku vēja enerģijas un hidroenerģijas izmantojumu 2021. gadā, kā arī ar enerģijas patēriņa pieaugumu.

 

Būtisks gads virzībā uz 2030. gada mērķrādītāju sasniegšanu

Tuvākajos gados katru gadu būs ievērojami jāsamazina emisijas, lai ilgtermiņā panāktu klimatneitralitāti. Pieņemot Eiropas Klimata tiesību aktu, 2030. gada samazinājuma mērķrādītājs tika palielināts līdz vismaz 55 % no siltumnīcefekta gāzu emisiju neto samazinājuma līdz 2030. gadam, salīdzinot ar 1990. gada līmeni. Šobrīd Eiropas Parlaments un dalībvalstis risina sarunas par visaptverošu paketi “Gatavi  mērķrādītājam 55%”, vienlaikus ņemot vērā arī ierosinātoREPowerEU plānu 2022. gadam.

Lai sasniegtu 2030. gada mērķrādītāju 55 % no neto siltumnīcefekta gāzu emisijām, emisijas būs jāsamazina vidēji par 134 miljoniem tonnu oglekļa dioksīda (MtCO2 ekv.) gadā, salīdzinot ar 2021. gada aplēsto līmeni. Tas vairāk nekā divas reizes pārsniedz vidējo ikgadējo samazinājumu, kas tika nodrošināts laikā no 1990. gada līdz 2020. gadam. Visās nozarēs ir būtiski jākāpina centieni siltumnīcefekta gāzu emisiju samazināšanai. Turklāt ir jāpalielina CO2 piesaiste zemes izmantojumā, zemes izmantojuma maiņā un mežsaimniecībā, tādējādi apvēršot pašreizējo tendenci, ka ES sarūk oglekļa piesaiste.

Tajā pašā laikā enerģijas patēriņam tuvākajos gados ir būtiski jāsamazinās. Jaunais ierosinātais 2030. gada mērķrādītājs saistībā arREPowerEUplānu paredz vairāk nekā divkāršot ikgadējo enerģijas ietaupījumu laikposmā no 2022. gada līdz 2030. gadam. Tas pats attiecas arī uz atjaunojamiem energoresursiem. Kopš 2005. gada atjaunojamo energoresursu īpatsvars Eiropas enerģijas bruto galapatēriņā katru gadu ir pieaudzis vidēji par 0,8 procentpunktiem. Šim rādītājam līdz 2030. gadam ir jāpalielinās līdz 2,5 procentpunktiem gadā, lai sasniegtuREPowerEUplānā ierosināto atjaunojamo energoresursu palielināto 45 % mērķrādītāju.

Lai gan dalībvalstu līmenī jau ir panākts būtisks progress, pašreizējā rīcībpolitika un pasākumi nav pietiekami, lai sasniegtu jaunos vērienīgos klimata un enerģētikas mērķrādītājus. Līdz 2023. gada vidum dalībvalstis iesniegs savu nacionālo enerģētikas un klimata plānu atjaunošanas projektus. Tie valstīm dos iespēju uzlabot pasākumus un izstrādāt plānus laikposmam līdz 2030. gadam, kas atspoguļo jaunās ES ambīcijas un klimatneitralitātes mērķi.

 

EEA’s climate and energy package:

Updated climate and energy indicators:

Saistītais saturs

Pamatots ar datiem

Data Greenhouse gas emissions under the Effort Sharing Decision (ESD) The Effort Sharing Decision (ESD) No 406/2009/EC establishes annual greenhouse gas emission targets for Member States for the period 2013–2020. These targets concern emissions from most sectors not included in the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS), such as transport, buildings, agriculture and waste. Emissions from land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF) and international shipping are not included. Every year, the EEA coordinates the ESD review of Member States’ greenhouse gas inventories, so that the European Commission can determine compliance with the annual ESD targets on the basis of accurate, reliable and verified emission data. Review reports and final ESD emissions are published by the European Commission. ESD emissions for the period 2005–2012 and for the latest year ("Y-1") are estimated by EEA on the basis of national GHG inventory data and ETS emissions.
Data Approximated estimates for greenhouse gas emissions The Governance Regulation ((EU) 2018/1999) requires Member States to annually report approximated greenhouse gas inventories by 31 July. A Union approximated greenhouse gas inventory is annually compiled on the basis of the Member States’ approximated greenhouse gas inventories or, if a Member State has not communicated its approximated inventories by that date, on the basis of own estimates.
Data Approximated estimates for the primary and final consumption of energy in 2021 (EEA 2021 proxies on primary and final energy consumption) The Energy Efficiency Directive 2012/27/EU (EED) and amending directive 2018/2002/EU establish a common framework for the promotion of energy efficiency within the Union in order to ensure the achievement of the Union’s target of 20 % reduction in energy consumption by 2020 and 32 % by 2030, and to pave the way for further energy efficiency improvements beyond that date. It also calls on Member States to set their own indicative national energy efficiency targets. Since early access to the most recent information on energy consumption is relevant for all stakeholders, the EEA and its European Topic Centre for Climate Change Mitigation and Energy (ETC/CME) produce each year a set of early estimates concerning the consumption of primary and final energy in the previous year, across the EU as a whole and in each Member State. These estimates are compatible with the scope of the energy efficiency targets for 2020 and 2030, and they correspond to the indicator codes PEC2020-2030 and FEC2020-2030 from Eurostat. The current data set concerns the EEA 2021 proxies on primary and final energy consumption (PEC2020-2030; FEC2020-2030).
Data Approximated estimates for the share of gross final consumption of renewable energy sources in 2021 (EEA 2021 RES share proxies) The Renewable Energy Directive 2009/28/EC and its recast 2018/2001/EU commit the EU to achieving a 20 % share of renewable energy sources (RES) in its gross final energy consumption by 2020, and 32 % by 2030. They also set a target of 10 % share of renewable energy in transport by 2020, and 14% by 2030. Since early access to the most recent information on the growth of RES is relevant for all stakeholders, the EEA and its European Topic Centre for Climate Change Mitigation and Energy (ETC/CME) produce each year a set of early estimates concerning the RES shares achieved by the countries and the EU as a whole in the previous year. The current data set concerns the EEA 2021 RES share proxies. The cut-off date for most data sources incorporated in the calculation of the approximated RES shares is 31 July of the publication year.
Data Member States' greenhouse gas (GHG) emission projections The Governance of the Energy Union and Climate Action ((EU) 2018/1999) requires Member States to report national projections of anthropogenic GHG emissions. Every two years, each EU Member State shall report GHG projections in a ‘with existing measures’ scenario for the years 2020, 2025, 2030, 2035 and 2040, by gas (or group of gases) and by sector. National projections shall take into consideration any policies and measures adopted at Union level. The reported data are quality checked by the EEA and its European Topic Centre for Climate Change Mitigation and Energy (ETC/CME).

Jaunumi un raksti

Related briefings

Paziņojums Managing non-packaging plastics in European waste streams — the missing part of the plastic puzzle Plastic is used in many ways and in large quantities across Europe. Environmental concerns make this a key focus for policy. Currently, most policy actions focus on plastic packaging, even though a large proportion of plastics are used for non-packaging applications, such as construction, furniture and consumer electronics. Improved reporting on the flows of non-packaging plastics is needed to inform the development of effective policies and measures that target this significant waste stream and increase resource efficiency, in line with the aims of the circular economy action plan.
Paziņojums Methane emissions in the EU: the key to immediate action on climate change This briefing provides an overview of the key sources of methane (CH4) in the EU and the trends in and drivers of emissions since 1990. It looks at projections, policies and measures implemented, and relevant EU legislation in force and forthcoming. It also describes the main EU and international policy processes for reducing CH4 emissions, which contribute to achieving the objectives of the Paris Agreement and climate neutrality. The EEA has developed a ‘methane emissions’ visualisation tool to underpin the briefing, where users can see countries’ CH4 emissions as reported in their greenhouse gas inventories.

Attiecīgie indikatori

Indicator Assessment Greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture in Europe Greenhouse gas emissions from the agriculture sector are covered by national annual emission targets. Between 2005 and 2019, the EU’s agriculture emissions remained stable. Current national projections only foresee a modest decline of 2% by 2030, compared with 2005 levels, and a 5% reduction with the implementation of currently planned measures. This projected progress remains largely insufficient and highlights the need for further action if Member States are to reach their binding annual targets and the EU its climate neutrality goal by 2050.
Indicator Assessment Primary and final energy consumption in Europe The Covid-19 pandemic had a profound impact on energy consumption in the European Union. In 2020, the EU’s primary energy consumption (for all energy uses) experienced a historical drop following 2 years of moderate reductions. Final energy consumption (by end users) also saw a significant decrease, albeit less pronounced. This contributed to the EU meeting their 2020 energy efficiency targets for both primary and final energy consumption. A rebound must be avoided; and long-term reductions remain necessary to achieve the EU’s energy and climate objectives for 2030 and 2050.
Indicator Assessment Share of energy consumption from renewable sources in Europe With a 21.3% share of energy consumed from renewable sources in 2020, the EU has reached its headline target (20%) for 2020, according to EEA early estimates. This success builds upon years of consistent work by all Member States, even if national progress is uneven. The exceptional circumstances of 2020, marked by disruptions in all economic sectors due to the pandemic, have facilitated meeting the renewable energy target by lowering total energy consumption. An unprecedented transformation in the energy system will still be necessary to meet the 32% renewable energy target set for 2030.
Indicator Assessment Greenhouse gas emission intensity of fuels and biofuels for road transport in Europe In 2019, the EU was not on track to meet its target to reduce the greenhouse gas emission intensity of fuels sold for road transport to 6% below 2010 levels by 2020. Between 2010 and 2019, emission intensity decreased by 4.3%, mostly due to the increased use of biofuels. Finland and Sweden are the only Member States whose emission intensities decreased by more than 6%, with the Netherlands reporting a 5.8% reduction in 2019. If the indirect land use change (ILUC) effects of biofuel production are considered, the emission intensity of fuels sold in the EU also decreased between 2018 and 2019, due to the limited substitution of oil crops as feedstocks by sugars.
Indicator Assessment Use of renewable energy for transport in Europe The share of energy from renewable sources used for transport in the EU increased from under 2% in 2005 to almost 9% in 2019. Preliminary EEA data indicate that in 2020, this increased further to 10.1%. This suggests that collectively the EU countries reached the 10% target for share of energy from renewable sources in all forms of transport. However, EEA preliminary estimates show that this target was actually achieved by less than half of EU Member States.
Indicator Assessment Greenhouse gas emissions from transport in Europe Greenhouse gas emissions from the EU’s transport sector increased steadily between 2013 and 2019, a trend that diverges significantly from those in other sectors during that period. Preliminary estimates for 2020 indicate a substantial drop in transport emissions, due to decreased activity during the Covid-19 pandemic. It is anticipated that transport emissions will rebound after 2020. National projections compiled by the EEA indicate that even with measures currently planned in the Member States, domestic transport emissions will only drop below their 1990 level in 2029. International transport emissions (aviation and maritime) are projected to continue increasing.
Indicator Assessment Greenhouse gas emission intensity of electricity generation in Europe The greenhouse gas emission intensity of power generation in the EU has been continuously decreasing over the last three decades: generating 1 kilowatt hour in 2020 emitted, on average, half as much CO 2 as in 1990. Policies have been playing an important role in driving this shift towards less carbon-intensive energy sources, in particular those addressing climate change, renewable energy supply and efficient energy use, and industrial emissions. The Covid-19 pandemic hardly affected electricity use in 2020, but the continued growth of renewable electricity caused a further drop in the greenhouse gas emission intensity of electricity generation.
Indicator Assessment New registrations of electric vehicles in Europe The uptake of electric vehicles in Europe is increasing, in line with the EU’s policy objective of reducing greenhouse gas emissions from transport. However, market penetration remains relatively low. In 2019, electric car registrations were close to 550 000 units, having reached 300 000 units in 2018. This represents an increase from 2 to 3.5 % of total car registrations. The uptake of electric vans also increased, from 0.8 % of total registrations in 2018 to 1.3 % in 2019. Battery electric vehicles, rather than plug-in hybrid, accounted for the majority of electric vehicle registrations in 2019 for cars and vans.

Saistītās publikācijas

Skatiet arī

Permalinks

Geographic coverage

Temporal coverage

For references, please go to https://eea.europa.eu./lv/highlights/tendences-un-prognozes-es-emisiju or scan the QR code.

PDF generated on 23.12.2024 02:38

EEA Page URL QR

Topics

Dokumentu darbības
The EEA is an agency of the European Union

Engineered by: EVA tīmekļa komanda

Software updated on 26 September 2023 08:13 from version 23.8.18

Software version: EEA Plone KGS 23.9.14

Kods izstrādātājiem

Systems Status

Juridisks paziņojums

Creative commons license

CMS login