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Contaminación atmosférica

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Página Última modificación 23/11/2023
La contaminación atmosférica perjudica la salud humana y el medio ambiente. En Europa, las emisiones de muchos contaminantes atmosféricos se han reducido notablemente durante las últimas décadas, con la consiguiente mejora de la calidad del aire en toda la región. Sin embargo, las concentraciones de contaminantes atmosféricos siguen siendo muy elevadas y persisten problemas de calidad del aire. Buena parte de la población europea vive en zonas —especialmente urbanas— donde se rebasan los niveles de calidad del aire: la contaminación por ozono, dióxido de nitrógeno y partículas (PM) comporta graves riesgos para la salud. Varios países superaron uno o varios de sus límites de emisión relativos a cuatro importantes contaminantes atmosféricos en 2010. Por tanto, sigue siendo importante reducir la contaminación atmosférica.

La contaminación atmosférica es un problema de alcance local, paneuropeo y hemisférico. Los contaminantes emitidos en un país pueden transportarse en la atmósfera y reducir la calidad del aire de otros países.

Es un hecho generalmente aceptado que las partículas, el dióxido de nitrógeno y el ozono troposférico son los tres contaminantes que más afectan a la salud humana. Los efectos que producen las exposiciones crónicas y máximas a estos contaminantes son de gravedad variable, pudiendo abarcar desde afecciones del sistema respiratorio hasta la muerte prematura. En torno al 90 % de la población urbana de la Unión Europea (UE) está expuesta a concentraciones de contaminantes atmosféricos a niveles altos considerados nocivos para la salud. Por ejemplo, se calcula que las partículas finas (PM2.5) presentes en la atmósfera reducen la esperanza de vida en la UE en más de ocho meses. El benzo(a)pireno es un contaminante cancerígeno que suscita mucha preocupación y cuyas concentraciones superan el límite establecido para proteger la salud humana en varias zonas urbanas, especialmente en Europa Central y Oriental.

La contaminación atmosférica provoca daños a la salud humana y a los ecosistemas. Una gran parte de la población vive en ambientes no saludables, si nos atenemos a los criterios en vigor. Para ser sostenible, Europa debe mostrarse ambiciosa e imponer requisitos legislativos más estrictos.

Hans Bruyninckx, Director Ejecutivo de la AEMA

 La contaminación atmosférica también es lesiva para el medio ambiente.

  • La acidificación se redujo notablemente entre 1990 y 2010 en los ecosistemas europeos sensibles que padecieron la deposición ácida de compuestos de azufre y nitrógeno.
  • La exposición a elevadas concentraciones de ozono daña los cultivos agrícolas y supera, en muchos casos, el objetivo a largo plazo fijado por la UE para proteger la vegetación. En particular, incluye una parte importante de las regiones agrícolas, especialmente en el sur, el centro y el este de Europa.

La calidad del aire en Europa no siempre ha mejorado en consonancia con el descenso general de las emisiones antropógenas (causadas por el hombre) de contaminantes atmosféricos. Las razones son complejas:

  • no siempre existe una clara relación lineal entre el descenso de las emisiones y las concentraciones de contaminantes atmosféricos detectadas en el aire;
  • existe una creciente contribución de contaminantes atmosféricos transportados a larga distancia desde otros países del hemisferio norte.

Por tanto, sigue siendo necesario dedicar esfuerzos a reducir las emisiones con el fin de continuar protegiendo la salud humana y el medio ambiente en Europa.

Fuentes de contaminación atmosférica

Hay diversas fuentes de contaminación atmosférica, tanto de origen humano como natural:

  • el consumo de combustibles fósiles para la generación de electricidad, el transporte, la industria y los hogares;
  • los procesos industriales y el uso de disolventes, por ejemplo en las industrias químicas y minerales;
  • la agricultura;
  • el tratamiento de residuos;
  • algunos ejemplos de fuentes de emisión naturales son las erupciones volcánicas, el polvo arrastrado por el viento, el aerosol de sal marina y las emisiones de compuestos orgánicos volátiles de las plantas.

Políticas de la Unión Europea

El objetivo de la UE a largo plazo es alcanzar niveles de calidad del aire que no generen efectos y riesgos inaceptables para la salud humana y el medio ambiente. La UE actúa en muchos niveles para reducir la exposición a la contaminación atmosférica: con su acción legislativa; a través de la cooperación con los sectores responsables de la contaminación atmosférica, así como con las autoridades nacionales y regionales y con las organizaciones no gubernamentales; y en el ámbito de la investigación. Las políticas de la UE tienen por objeto reducir la exposición a la contaminación atmosférica reduciendo las emisiones y fijando límites y valores objetivos de calidad del aire.  A finales de 2013, la Comisión Europea adoptó el programa «Aire puro para Europa» que incluye nuevas medidas para reducir la contaminación atmosférica.

Más información sobre las políticas europeas en materia de contaminación atmosférica

Actividades de la AEMA

La Agencia Europea de Medio Ambiente (AEMA) es el centro de datos de contaminación atmosférica de la Unión Europea; colabora en la aplicación de la legislación europea relacionada con las emisiones atmosféricasen y la calidad del aire. La AEMA también colabora en la evaluación de las políticas europeas sobre contaminación atmosférica y en la formulación de estrategias a largo plazo para mejorar la calidad del aire en Europa.

La AEMA centra sus actividades en:

  • publicar toda una serie de datos de contaminación atmosférica,
  • documentar y evaluar tendencias de la contaminación atmosférica y políticas y medidas relacionadas en Europa, y además
  • investigar soluciones de compromiso y sinergias entre la contaminación atmosférica y las políticas en distintos ámbitos, como el cambio climático, la energía, el transporte y la industria. 

Más información sobre las actividades de la AEMA

Enlaces útiles

La AEMA ha publicado una serie de enlaces sobre contaminación atmosférica

Contenido relacionado

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Dashboard (Tableau) Montenegro – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Türkiye – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Bosnia and Herzegovina – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Serbia – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Kosovo – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Slovenia – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Romania – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Greece – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Iceland – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Sweden – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Ireland – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Latvia – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Switzerland – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Austria – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Spain – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Slovakia – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Netherlands – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Finland – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Italy – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Luxembourg – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) France – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Belgium – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Lithuania – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) North Macedonia – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Poland – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Albania – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Norway – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Liechtenstein – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Hungary – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Germany – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Malta – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Portugal – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Estonia – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Denmark – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Czechia – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Cyprus – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Croatia – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
Dashboard (Tableau) Bulgaria – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Romania - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2019
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Norway – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Denmark – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Lithuania - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2019
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France – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Estonia – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Cyprus – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Iceland - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2020
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Germany - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2019
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Bosnia and Herzegovina – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Bulgaria - Air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Slovakia - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2019
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Malta – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Belgium – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Italy - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2020
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Kosovo – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Albania – air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2020
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United Kingdom - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2019
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Liechtenstein – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Switzerland – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Ireland - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2020
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Turkey - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2020
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Italy – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Lithuania – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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France - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2019
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Spain - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2019
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Luxembourg - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2020
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Turkey - Air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Cyprus - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2019
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Greece – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Poland – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Croatia - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2020
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Spain - Air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Netherlands – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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North Macedonia – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Bosnia and Herzegovina – air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2020
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Hungary – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Switzerland - Air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Austria – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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North Macedonia – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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France - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2020
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Czechia - Air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Hungary - Air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Liechtenstein - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2019
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Hungary - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2019
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Malta - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2019
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Montenegro – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Norway - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2020
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Ireland – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Switzerland - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2019
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Ireland - Air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Croatia – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Slovakia - Air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Denmark - Air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Turkey - Air pollution country fact sheet 2019 Air pollution country fact sheet 2019
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Portugal - Air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Poland - Air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Iceland - Air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Iceland – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Portugal – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Switzerland - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2020
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Kosovo – air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2020
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Serbia – air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2020
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Liechtenstein - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2020
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Bulgaria - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2019
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Croatia - Air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Albania – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Finland - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2019
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Finland - Air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Czechia - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2019
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Romania – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Austria – air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2020
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Italy - Air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Germany - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2020
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Germany - Air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Netherlands - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2019
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Lithuania - Air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Czechia – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Portugal - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2019
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Sweden - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2019
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Czechia - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2020
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Germany – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Greece - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2019
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Liechtenstein - Air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Romania - Air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Italy - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2019
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Luxembourg - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2019
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Greece - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2020
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Estonia - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2019
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Latvia – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Malta - Air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Slovakia - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2020
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Greece - Air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Slovenia - Air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Malta - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2020
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Iceland - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2019
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North Macedonia – air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2020
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Austria – air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2019
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Estonia - Air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Latvia - Air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Luxembourg – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Hungary - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2020
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Spain – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Slovenia - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2020
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Slovenia – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Ireland - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2019
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Montenegro – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Slovakia – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Cyprus - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2020
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Cyprus - Air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Montenegro – air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2020
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Sweden - Air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Norway - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2019
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Romania - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2020
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United Kingdom - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2020
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Turkey – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Slovenia - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2019
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Poland - Air pollution country fact sheet 2019 Air pollution country fact sheet 2019
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Bulgaria - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2020
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Bulgaria - Air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Bosnia and Herzegovina – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Netherlands - Air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Estonia - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2020
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Denmark - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2019
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Finland - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2020
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Serbia – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Belgium – air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2020
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Lithuania - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2020
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Portugal - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2020
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Latvia - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2019
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Sweden - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2020
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Serbia – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Netherlands - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2020
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Luxembourg - Air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Sweden – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Croatia - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2019
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Denmark - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2020
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Belgium – air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2019
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Spain - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2020
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Belgium – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Norway - Air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Albania – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Finland – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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United Kingdom - Air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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France - Air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Kosovo – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
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Poland - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2020
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Latvia - Air pollution country fact sheet Air pollution country fact sheet 2020
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Austria – air pollution country fact sheet A significant proportion of Europe's urban population lives in cities where EU air quality standards for the protection of human health are regularly exceeded. Air pollution continues to have significant impacts on the health of Europeans, particularly in urban areas. These health impacts have economic costs, cutting short lives, increasing medical costs and reducing productivity through lost working days. The pollutants with the most serious impacts on human health are particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.

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Carpeta Transporte El transporte representa un tercio del consumo de energía final de los países miembros de la AEMA y más de un quinto de las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero. También es responsable de buena parte de la contaminación atmosférica y acústica urbana. Además, el transporte tiene efectos muy serios sobre el paisaje, porque divide los espacios naturales en pequeñas parcelas, con graves consecuencias para animales y plantas.
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Norway – air pollution country fact sheet 2018
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Denmark – air pollution country fact sheet 2018
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Hungary – air pollution country fact sheet 2018
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Malta – air pollution country fact sheet 2018
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Lithuania – air pollution country fact sheet 2018
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Iceland – air pollution country fact sheet 2018
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Sweden – air pollution country fact sheet 2018
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Finland – air pollution country fact sheet 2018
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France – air pollution country fact sheet 2018
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Slovenia – air pollution country fact sheet 2018
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Poland – air pollution country fact sheet 2018
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Switzerland – air pollution country fact sheet 2018
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Luxembourg – air pollution country fact sheet 2018
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Slovakia – air pollution country fact sheet 2018
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United Kingdom – air pollution country fact sheet 2018
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Ireland – air pollution country fact sheet 2018
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Bulgaria – air pollution country fact sheet 2018
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Spain – air pollution country fact sheet 2018
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Turkey – air pollution country fact sheet 2018
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Netherlands – air pollution country fact sheet 2018
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Italy – air pollution country fact sheet 2018
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Belgium – air pollution country fact sheet 2018
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Air pollution country fact sheets 2020 The air pollution country fact sheets summarise key data on air pollution for each of the 32 EEA member countries*, 6 cooperating countries, and the United Kingdom. Indicators on past and future emission trends are presented, as well as a summary of the national air quality situation in each country.
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Croatia – air pollution country fact sheet 2018
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Latvia – air pollution country fact sheet 2018
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Cyprus – air pollution country fact sheet 2018
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Germany – air pollution country fact sheet 2018
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Romania – air pollution country fact sheet 2018
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Carpeta Industria El comportamiento ambiental de la industria europea ha mejorado en las últimas décadas. La situación ha cambiado por varias razones: el mayor rigor de la normativa ambiental, la mejora de la eficiencia energética, la tendencia general de la industria europea a abandonar algunos tipos de de fabricación más pesada y contaminante y la participación de las empresas en programas voluntarios para reducir su impacto ambiental.
Carpeta Energía Esencial para generar riqueza industrial, comercial y social, la energía proporciona además confort personal y movilidad. Pero su producción y consumo ejercen una presión considerable sobre el medio ambiente: emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero y agentes contaminantes atmosféricos, ocupación del suelo, generación de residuos y vertidos de hidrocarburos. Estas presiones contribuyen a acelerar el cambio climático, dañan los ecosistemas naturales y el medio ambiente antropógeno y tienen efectos adversos para la salud humana.
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Vínculos externos
Carpeta Mitigación del cambio climático El cambio climático es una realidad: las temperaturas están aumentando, la distribución de las precipitaciones se está modificando, los glaciares y la nieve se están derritiendo y el nivel medio del mar está subiendo. La mayor parte del calentamiento se debe muy probablemente al aumento observado en las concentraciones atmosféricas de gases de efecto invernadero derivadas de las emisiones procedentes de las actividades humanas. Para mitigar el cambio climático, debemos reducir o eliminar estas emisiones.
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Contexto de las políticas En la Unión Europea, el sexto Programa de acción en materia de medio ambiente tiene el objetivo de conseguir unos niveles de calidad del aire que no causen efectos inaceptables ni entrañen riesgos para la salud humana y el medio ambiente. La UE actúa en numerosos ámbitos para reducir la exposición a la contaminación del aire: a través de la legislación, mediante la cooperación con los sectores responsables de la contaminación del aire, a través de las autoridades nacionales y regionales y las organizaciones no gubernamentales, y mediante la investigación. La políticas comunitarias tienen el objetivo de reducir la exposición a la contaminación atmosférica mediante la disminución de emisiones y el establecimiento de valores y objetivos límites para la calidad del aire.

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