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Euroopa Liidu liikmesriigid peavad tegema rohkem taastuvenergia ühiseesmärgi täitmiseks

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News Avaldatud 2019-03-08 Viimati muudetud 2019-03-08
2 min read
Photo: © Tim Laws, WaterPIX /EEA
Taastuvenergiaallikate osakaal Euroopa Liidu energiatarbimisest on 2005. aastast kahekordistunud, kuid viimastel aastatel on see kasv aeglustunud, eelkõige suureneva energiatarbimise ja arengu puudumise tõttu transpordisektoris. Euroopa Keskkonnaameti (EEA) uuest aruandest ilmneb, et liikmesriigid peavad 2020. aasta taastuvenergiaeesmärgi täitmiseks tegema rohkem.

EEA aruandes „Taastuvenergia Euroopas 2018“ kirjeldatakse taastuvenergiaallikate kasutuselevõttu Euroopa Liidus, tuginedes 2016. aasta ametlikele andmetele ja EEA esialgsetele 2017. aasta prognoosidele.

Aruandest selgub, et taastuvenergia osakaal energia lõpptarbimisest on suurenenud – 2015. aastal oli see 16,7%, 2016. aastal 17,0% ja 2017. aastal hinnanguliselt 17,4%. Kuigi Euroopa Liidu eesmärk saavutada 2020. aastaks taastuvenergia 20% osakaal kogu energia lõpptarbimisest on reaalne, on mõnes liikmesriigis energia lõpptarbimine hiljuti suurenenud, mis aeglustab taastuvenergia osakaalu suurenemist kogu Euroopa Liidus.

Liikmesriigid peavad 2030. aasta eesmärgi täitmiseks ühiselt suurendama taastuvenergiaallikate osakaalu vähemalt 32%-ni kogu energia lõpptarbimisest. EEA aruandest ilmneb, et taastuvenergia osakaal kogu energia lõpptarbimisest on liikmesriikides väga erinev: Austrias, Lätis, Rootsis, Soomes ja Taanis üle 30% ning Belgias, Luksemburgis, Madalmaades ja Maltas alla 9%.

Muud peamised tähelepanekud

Euroopa Liidus 2017. aastal paigaldatud uute elektrijaamade koguvõimsusest on 85% taastuvenergiaallikad, sellest kolmveerand tuule- ja päikeseenergia. Kolmandik kogu Euroopa Liidus 2016. ja 2017. aastal tarbitud elektrist oli taastuvatest energiaallikatest.

Euroopa Liidu taastuvenergia turu valdavaks sektoriks on endiselt küte ja jahutus, mille taastuvenergiaallikate osakaal oli 2016. ja 2017. aastal 19%. Transpordisektor jääb kaugele maha – samadel aastatel oli taastuvenergiaallikate osakaal ainult 7%. Enamik transpordiks kasutatavast taastuvenergiast pärineb biokütustest. Eesmärkide täitmisel arvestatakse ainult taastuvenergia direktiivis sätestatud kestlikkuskriteeriumidele vastavaid biokütuseid.

Aruande kohaselt on Euroopa Liidus taastuvallikatest elektri tootmise võimsus elaniku kohta maailmas endiselt suurim, kuid Hiina investeerib praegu uude tootmisvõimsusesse rohkem. Lisaks suureneb taastuvenergiaga seotud töökohtade osakaal tööjõust Brasiilias ja Hiinas kiiremini kui Euroopa Liidus.

Taastuvenergiaallikate suurem kasutamine on võimaldanud Euroopa Liidus vähendada fossiilkütuste nõudlust ja kaasnevat kasvuhoonegaaside heidet. EEA analüüsi kohaselt oleks Euroopa Liidu kasvuhoonegaaside koguheide suurenenud 2016. aastal ligikaudu 9% ja 2017. aastal ligikaudu 10%, kui alates 2005. aastast suurenenud taastuvenergiaallikate kasutamine ei oleks asendanud nimetatud ajavahemikul 11% Euroopa Liidu sisesest fossiilkütuste kogutarbimisest.

Euroopa taastuvenergia aruanded täiendavad EEA Euroopa Liidu kliima- ja energiaeesmärkide täitmise aastahinnanguid väljaandes „Trends and projections in Europe 2018“ (Euroopa trendid ja prognoosid 2018).

Seotud sisu

Põhineb andmetel

Data Estimated effects of increased RES consumption since 2005 on fossil fuels and GHG emissions Directive 2009/28/EC on the promotion and use of energy from renewable sources commits the EU to achieving a 20 % share of renewable energy sources (RES) in its gross final energy consumption by 2020 and a 10 % share of renewable energy in transport energy consumption by the same year. Article 22 of the directive requires Member States to report on national progress in the promotion and use of energy from renewable sources, biennially, starting with 31 December 2011. It specifies that the national reports shall contain, inter alia, the estimated net GHG emission savings due to the use of energy from renewable sources. Information regarding the specific methodologies used by the countries for producing the above estimates of net GHG emission savings is not always available. To that end, the EEA and its European Topic Centre for Air Pollution and Climate Change Mitigation (ETC/ACM) produce each year a consistent set of estimated co-benefits, at the Member State and EU level, concerning the impact on fossil fuels and GHG emissions due to the increase in RES consumption since 2005. For 2017, these estimated co-benefits are based on the EEA 2017 RES share proxies and the EEA 2017 proxies on primary and final energy consumption.
Data Approximated estimates for the share of gross final consumption of renewable energy sources in 2017 (EEA 2017 RES share proxies) Directive 2009/28/EC on the promotion and use of energy from renewable sources commits the EU to achieving a 20 % share of renewable energy sources (RES) in its gross final energy consumption by 2020 and a 10 % share of renewable energy in transport energy consumption by the same year. Since early access to the most recent information on the growth of RES is relevant for all stakeholders, the EEA and its European Topic Centre for Air Pollution and Climate Change Mitigation (ETC/ACM) produce each year a set of early estimates concerning the RES shares achieved by the countries and the EU as a whole in the previous year. The current data set concerns the EEA 2017 RES share proxies. The cut-off date for most data sources incorporated in the calculation of the approximated 2017 RES shares was 31 July 2018.
Data Approximated estimates for the primary and final consumption of energy in 2017 (EEA 2017 proxies on primary and final energy consumption) The Energy Efficiency Directive 2012/27/EU (EED) establishes a common framework for the promotion of energy efficiency within the Union in order to ensure the achievement of the Union’s 2020 20 % headline target on energy efficiency and to pave the way for further energy efficiency improvements beyond that date. It also calls on Member States to set their own indicative national energy efficiency targets, which can be based on primary or final energy consumption, primary or final energy savings, or energy intensity. Since early access to the most recent information on energy consumption is relevant for all stakeholders, the EEA and its European Topic Centre for Air Pollution and Climate Change Mitigation (ETC/ACM) produce each year a set of early estimates concerning the consumption of primary and final energy in the previous year, across the EU as a whole and in each Member State. The current data set concerns the EEA 2017 proxies on primary and final energy consumption.

Uudised ja artiklid

Seotud indikaatorid

Indicator Assessment
Archived
Overview of electricity production and use in Europe In 2016,  low-carbon energy sources (i.e. renewables and nuclear energy) continued to dominate the electricity mix for the second year in a row, together generating more power than fossil fuel sources. Fossil fuels (i.e. coal, natural gas and oil) were responsible for 43 % of all gross electricity generation in 2016, a decrease of 11 percentage points across the EU compared with 2005 (54 %). By way of contrast, the share of electricity generated from renewable sources has grown rapidly since 2005, but the pace of growth has slowed down after 2014. In 2016, renewable electricity reached almost one third (29 %) of all gross electricity generation in the EU. This is twice as much as in 2005. As such, renewable sources generated more electricity in 2016 than nuclear sources or coal and lignite. Nuclear energy sources contributed roughly one quarter (26 %) of all gross electricity generation in 2016. The transition from fossil fuels to renewable fuels, together with improved transformation efficiencies in electricity generation, led to an average annual 2.6 % decrease in CO 2 emissions per kWh between 2005 and 2016. Final electricity consumption (the total consumption of electricity by all end-use sectors plus electricity imports and minus exports) in the EU increased by one percent in 2016 compared with 2015, reaching the same level as in 2005. The sharpest growth was observed in the services sector (1.2 % per year) and the sharpest decline in industry (-1.0 % per year). With regards to the non-EU EEA countries,  between 2005 and 2016, electricity generation increased by an average of 4.9 % per  year in Turkey, 7.1 % per year  in Iceland and 0.7 % per year in Norway.
Indicator Assessment
Archived
Energy intensity Between 1990 and 2016, the EU's energy intensity, i.e. the ratio between its  gross inland energy consumption and its gross domestic product (GDP),  decreased by 36 %.  This decrease was continuous during the entire period, with an average annual decrease of 1.7 % per year. The 1990-2005 period is characterised by relatively high economic growth and more moderate growth in gross inland energy consumption. In contrast, the 2005-2014 period is characterised by lower economic growth and decreasing gross inland energy consumption. Gross inland consumption of energy started to increase again after 2014, marking a slow-down in energy intensity improvements. In all member countries of the European Environment Agency (EEA), energy intensity decreased between 2005 and 2016. The largest decreases were observed in central and eastern European countries (e.g. Lithuania, Romania and Slovakia) because of changes in their economic structure, and in Malta.
Indicator Assessment
Archived
Share of renewable energy in gross final energy consumption in Europe The share of renewable energy in gross final energy use in the EU has almost doubled since 2005. It reached 17.0 % in 2016 and is expected to have reached 17.4 % in 2017, according to the early estimates from the European Environment Agency (EEA) . These levels are higher than those from the indicative EU trajectory for these years set by the Renewable Energy Directive .  The increase in the share of renewable energy sources in final energy consumption has slowed down in recent years. An increasing energy consumption and lack of progress in the transport sector imperil the achievement of both 2020 targets on renewable energy and energy efficiency at EU level. In 2017, according to the EEA's early estimates:  progress towards national targets deteriorated across the EU, with 20 Member States (all but Cyprus, France, Ireland, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Poland, Slovenia and the United Kingdom) meeting or exceeding their indicative targets set under the Renewable Energy Directive, compared with 25 Member States on target in 2016. In addition, only 16 Member States (all except Belgium, Cyprus, France, Germany, Ireland, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Slovenia and Spain) reached or exceeded the trajectories set in their own National Renewable Energy Action Plans, compared with 19 in 2016; 11 countries (Bulgaria, Croatia, Czechia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Hungary, Italy, Lithuania, Romania and Sweden) had already managed to achieve their binding renewable energy share targets for 2020, as set under the Renewable Energy Directive; renewable energy accounted for 30.6 % of gross final electricity consumption, 19.3 % of energy consumption for heating and cooling, and 7.2 % of transport fuel consumption in the whole EU.

Sarnased publikatsioonid

Publikatsioon Renewable energy in Europe 2018 - recent growth and knock-on effects This report introduces several methods the European Environment Agency (EEA) has developed for assessing and communicating early RES growth and the important knock-on effects that RES growth has on the energy sector and related areas. The report provides specific information at EU and country level on estimated RES progress in 2013, estimated gross avoided carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and avoided fossil fuel use due to the additional use of renewable energy since 2005, as well as an assessment of the statistical impacts of growing RES use on primary energy consumption.
Publikatsioon Trends and projections in Europe 2018 - Tracking progress towards Europe's climate and energy targets This report is part of the ‘Trends and Projections in Europe: 2018: Tracking progress towards Europe’s climate and energy targets,’ package. It is based on the most recent reported and approximated data from EU Member States on greenhouse gas emissions, renewable energy uptake and energy consumption.

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