3.5 Refineries

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CORINAIR 1990 - Summary Report 3 - Large Point Sources

3.5 Refineries

Overview

Relative to Public Power Plants and Industrial Combustion Plants, Refineries are only responsible for a quite small part of the total European emissions. However individual Refineries can produce emissions nearly as high as the largest Industrial Combustion Plants, e.g. for NO_x.

The emissions of boilers within Refineries should have been included into the emission of this source group according the CORINAIR 90 methodology. Some countries however, seemed to have reported boilers in refineries as Industrial Combustion Plants. The top ten for Refineries are nevertheless presented here but one should keep in mind that big Refineries might be missing and could have been included in Industrial Combustion Plants

The countries with the biggest Refineries are Spain, Italy and the Netherlands.

Table 19: The ten largest Refineries in Europe for SO₂ NO_x and CO₂

SO₂			CO₂			NO_x
Country	LPS code	Emission in tonnes	Country	LPS code	Emission in ktonnes	Country	LPS code	Emission in tonnes
Spain	0086	24 074	Italy	0055	4 045	Spain	0086	7 639
Bulgaria²	BNFH	20 801	Italy	0047	3 117	Netherlands²	NL15	4 991
Netherlands	NL15	18 597	Spain	0083	2 351	Slovak Republic	BA02	3 920
France	2590	18 203	Spain	0082	1 619	Netherlands	NL15	3 861
Slovak Republic	BA02	17 795	Netherlands	NL15	1 539	Italy	0063	3 660
Spain	0082	14 900	Spain	0086	1 452	Lithuania	009	3 283
Belgium (Fl. region)	12	14 827	France	2590	1 411	Spain	0082	3 105
Greece²	9	14 043	Netherlands¹	NL15	1 387	Italy	0055	3 000
Italy²	0055	12 700	France¹	1700	1 201	Belgium (Fl. region)	12	2 844
Spain	0089	12 618	Italy	0060	1 180	Bulgaria²	BNFH	2 804
Others		446 021	Others		39 020	Others		81 989
Total Refineries		634 579	Total Refineries		58 322	Total Refineries		121 096

^{1 emission reported for SNAP 0401

The SO₂ emission of the largest Refinery is only about 5% of the emission of
the SO₂ emission of the largest Public Power Plant and the total SO₂
emissions of Refineries correspond only to app. 5% of the total SO₂ emissions
of Power Plants. This comparison reflects that Power Plants are dominating the emissions
compared to Refineries. However on a local scale the situation might be different, as e.g.
in the area of Bratislava (Slovakia).

The higher contribution to the totals (percentages) for CO₂ in comparison to
SO₂ and NO_x reflect the differences in SO₂ and NO_x
emission factors of Refinery gas/residual oil compared to coal. The former fuel is mainly
used by Refineries and the latter in the largest Power Plants.

Comparing the ten largest refineries for CO₂, NO_x and SO₂
emissions it is interesting to note that the three largest CO₂ emitting
refineries are not among the ten largest SO₂ emitting ones (and 2 of the 3
largest CO₂ emitting Refineries among the 10 largest ones for NO_x).
However six out of the top ten CO₂ Refineries are also part of the SO₂
ranking list the corresponding number for the NO_x-ranking list being seven.

SO₂

The 218 Refineries are responsible for 0.3 million tonnes of SO₂,
that is 2% of the European total LPS emission (see table 20 and map 7).

Figure 12: The top 100 SO₂
emitting Refineries in Europe

Table 20: The ten largest SO₂
emitting Refineries in Europe

Rank
Country
LPS

code
Emission

in tonnes
Main fuel
Region

1
Spain
0086
24 074
Refinery gas/residual oil
Confidential

2
Bulgaria
BNFH
20 801
Not reported
BG/Burgas

3
Netherlands
NL15
18 597
Refinery gas/residual oil
Groot Rijnmond

4
France
2590
18 203
Refinery gas/residual oil
Seine Maritime

5
Slovak Republic
BA02
17 795
Not reported
Bratislava

6
Spain
0082
14 900
Refinery gas/residual oil
Confidential

7
Belgium (Fl. region)
12
14 827
Refinery gas/residual oil
Antwerpen (arr)

8
Greece
9
14 043
Not reported
Attiki

9
Italy
0055
12 700
Not reported
Confidential

10
Spain
0089
12 618
Refinery gas/residual oil
Cadiz

Others

446 021

Total

634 579

^{>CO₂

The 218 Refineries are responsible for 44 million tonnes of CO₂, causing 3%
of all LPS emissions (see table 21 and map 8).

Figure 13: The top 100 CO₂
emitting Refineries in Europe

Table 21: The ten largest CO₂
emitting Refineries in Europe

Rank
Country
LPS

code
Emission

in tonnes
Main fuel
Region

1
Italy
0055
4 045
Refinery gas/residual oil
Caltanissetta

2
Italy
0047
3 117
Refinery gas/residual oil
Messina

3
Spain
0083
2 351
Refinery gas/residual oil
Confidential

4
Spain
0082
1 619
Refinery gas/residual oil
Confidential

5
Netherlands
NL15
1 539
Refinery gas/residual oil
Groot Rijnmond

6
Spain
0086
1 452
Refinery gas/residual oil
Confidential

7
France
2590
1 411
Refinery gas/residual oil
Seine Maritime

8
Netherlands
NL15
1 387
Refinery gas/residual oil
Groot Rijnmond

9
France
1700
1 201
Refinery gas/residual oil
Bouches du Rhone

10
Italy
0060
1 180
Refinery gas/residual oil
Siracusa

Others

39 020

Total

58 322

NO_x

The 218 Refineries are
responsible for 0.08 million tonnes of NOx, contributing 2% to the LPS emission total (see
table 22 and map 9).

Figure 14: The top 100 NO_x
emitting Refineries in Europe

Table 22: The ten largest NO_x
emitting Refineries in Europe

Rank
Country
LPS

code
Emission

in tonnes
Main fuel
Region

1
Spain
0086
7 639
Refinery gas/residual oil
Confidential

2
Netherlands
NL15
4 991
Refinery gas/residual oil
Groot Rijnmond

3
Slovak Republic
BA02
3 920
Not reported
Bratislava

4
Netherlands
NL15
3 861
Refinery gas/residual oil
Groot Rijnmond

5
Italy
0063
3 660
Refinery gas/residual oil
Cagliari

6
Lithuania
009
3 283
Not reported
Siauliai Region

7
Spain
0082
3 105
Refinery gas/residual oil
Confidential

8
Italy
0055
3 000
Refinery gas/residual oil
Caltanissetta

9
Belgium (Fl. region)
12
2 844
Refinery gas/residual oil
Antwerpen (arr)

10
Bulgaria
BNFH
2 804
Not reported
BG/Burgas

Others

81 989

Total

121 096

Map 7: The ten largest SO₂ -
emitting Refineries in Europe 1990

Map 8: The ten largest CO₂
- emitting Refineries in Europe

Map 9: The ten largest NO_X -
emitting Refineries in Europe 1990

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