3.1. Summary on European scale of country-wise monitoring programmes

3. Summary of monitoring practices in Europe

3.1. Summary on European scale of country-wise monitoring programmes

Based upon the national summaries in Appendix A and the network/site information in Appendix B, a summary is presented here on the monitoring practices in each country.

The summarised description/evaluation of the monitoring practices in each country is given in Table 3.2. and Table 3.3, for local and regional monitoring respectively.

Blank space in the tables reflect that specific data on the item was not available to the Topic centre.

The information in these tables is very brief. It is intended to provide the itemised, condensed information necessary to enable an overall summary evaluation to be made of the current monitoring practices, and to be evaluated against EU and national requirements.

An explanation of the codes in the tables is given in Table 3.1.

Countries are categorised as EU member states, countries of the European Economic Area (Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway), and other countries. Within each category, the countries are listed alphabetically.

Tables 3.2 and 3.3 enables a European overview of the monitoring situation. To expand somewhat on the information, a condensed description for each country is given in the text following the tables (Section 3.2).

The summary tables show that the information available is fairly complete for many countries regarding monitoring coverage and methods. However, as far as data availability, reporting and site descriptions is concerned, the information which was available to the Topic Centre is lacking for most countries, making a full evaluation of the state on the European scale incomplete.

The state of the monitoring situation in Europe is evaluated in Chapter 4.

Table 3.1: Explanation of codes in Tables 3.2 and 3.3.

1) To categorise the compounds in Urban monitoring, codes are used which refer to the compounds which are listed in the various directives and EoI decision (CSD, FWD, EoI). For Regional monitoring, it is instead referred to the following monitoring categories: S and N compounds and BS in air (called SO2+), S and N compounds in deposition (called Dep), ozone (O3) and ozone precursors (O3-pre).

2) x in the tables means that all CSD components are covered.

3) In the tables are listed the compounds which are monitored.

4) Accessible: means accessible through data-lines to (selected) external users.

Table 3.2: Summary of monitoring practices, local air pollution (urban, traffic, industrial).
(Codes/explanation to table). (Open space means info not available).

1) SO2 : Total acidity
2) Urban (G + T + I)
3) UG + UT
4) Except Pb.
5) Urban Industrial + Rural Industrial
6) The available info. from Italy was not complete enough to allow a full summary to be made here.
7) Incl. industrial areas
8) total no. of sites included

 

Table 3.2 (contd.)
(Codes/explanation to table)

EU Member states

Coverage

Methods evaluation

Data availability

Reporting

Network description

Compounds

Spatia

Site category

Temporal

CSD

FWD

EoI

No. of cities

No. of non-urban hot-spots

UG/UT/UI/RI

Non-validated 1h data

Validated data 1 h/24 h

O3

Other

Netherlands

X

CO Metals

PAH

9

0

7 / 13 / 0 / 0

Year round

2

nrt-a

1.5-a/3-a

Every hour2)

6

Available

Portugal

X

CO

Acid.

5

3 ind. areas

6/15/6/53

Year round

2

Spain

X

CO Metals

VOC H2S

288/438/1671)

Year round

2

Available

Sweden

X

BTX

VOC

45

63 / 3 /

6 winter months except: O3 and 21 NO2 sites: only summer

1, 2, 3

"as soon as possible"

"Annually"

U.K.

X

CO Metals

PAH VOC

34

4 (ind.)

45 / 2 / / 4 NO2 passive: 580/260/260/0

Year round

2

nrt-a

SO2 :3 - a Acid: 3-6 - a

Twice a day

"Annual"

1) UI + RI 2) In summer, by public broadcast. The same procedure for SO2 in winter.

 

Table 3.2 (contd.):
(Codes/explanation to table)

Countries of the European Economic Area

Coverage

Methods evaluation

Data availability

Reporting

Network description

Compounds

Spatia

Site category

Temporal

CSD

FWD

EoI

No. of cities

No. of non-urban hot-spots

UG/UT/UI/RI

Non-validated 1h data

Validated data 1 h/24 h

O3

Other

Iceland

SO2, NO2, O3

CO, PM10

2

1

1 / 1 / 0 / 1

Year round

2

Liechtenstein

SO2, NO2, O3, TSP

CO

1

0

1 /

Year round

2

Included in Swiss report

Norway

NO2 O3

PM10

VOC

6

0

6 / 0 / 0 / 0

Winter 6 months

1,2

nrt-a

1- a/2- a

Other countries

Albania

SO2, NO2, O3, TSP

11

0

231)

Year round2)

3

Bulgaria

SO2, NO2, Pb, TSP

CO, As

H2S

1003)

Year round

2, 3

Croatia

SO2, NO2, BS, TSP

H2S PAH

8

624)

Year round

2, 3

Cyprus

X5)

CO

1

0

0 / 2 / 0 / 0

Year round

2

nrt-a

2-a

12

Czech Republic

X

Metals PM10

6)

6506)

Year round

2

Estonia

SO2, NO2, O3, TSP

CO BTX

H2S

9

8 / 2 / 6

2, 3

Hungary

SO2, NO2, O3, TSP

CO

VOC

397)

Year round

3

12

Poland

X

CO

VOC Metals

8)

>5009)/33 (RI)

Year round

2

Romania

SO2, NO2, O3

CO

VOC

15210)

2, 3

11)

1-2

6-12

1) One stationary and one mobile site in each city. Not known how many urban background or hot-spot sites.
2) 7-10 days per month.
3) Covering large towns, industrial hot-spots, health resorts.
4) Covering towns and industrial basins.
5) Including PM10.
6) Total no. of sites: ~650 (urban + rural). The automatic network has 37 urban sites and 37 rural/regional sites. The impression is that the networks cover all major polluted areas, including industrial hot-spots. The extent of monitoring at traffic hot-spots is not clear.
7) 8 sites in Budapest. Number of cities, and site classification, is unknown.
8) All cities with more than 20,000 inhabitants. In addition, at least 8 local networks around local industries, with 33 sites.
9) Incl. possible traffic hot-spots sites.
10) Sites in local networks, incl. cities, towns and industrial areas. 25 sites in Bucuresti.
11) Daily information to public through mass media may be given.

Table 3.2 (contd.)
(Codes/explanation to table)

Other countries

Coverage

Methods evaluation

Data availability

Reporting

Network description

Compounds

Spatia

Site category

Temporal

CSD

FWD

EoI

No. of cities

No. of non-urban hot-spots

UG/UT/UI/RI

Non-validated 1h data

Validated data 1 h/24 h

O3

Other

Slovakia

X

CO

17

7

14 / 6 / 10 /

Year round

2

na

1-a /

8

Slovenia

X

CO

861)

Year round

2

2)

4-5

Available

Switzerland

SO2, NO2, O3, TSP

CO

VOC

55 / 31 / 12 / 3)

Year round

2

7-8

1) The classification of the sites is not given.
2) Daily data are available to the public from the 8 sites in the ANAS system.
3) 12 passive SO2 , 102 passive NO2 and 41 dustfall sites come in addition.

 

Table 3.3: Summary of monitoring practices, regional air pollution.
(Codes/explanation to table)

EU Member States

Coverage

Methods evaluation

Data availability

Reporting

Network description

Compounds

Spatia

Site category

Temporal

CSD

FWD

EoI

No. of cities

No. of non-urban hot-spots

UG/UT/UI/RI

Non-validated 1h data

Validated data 1 h/24 h

O3

Other

Austria

X

X

X

X

~55

55 / 35 / 55

Year round

2

nrt-a

1-a

Daily or several times a day

1

Available

Belgium

X

25

Year round

2

Denmark

X

X

X

17

6 / 17 / 3

Year round

2

Daily

Annually

Finland

X

X

X

22

8 / 7 / 9

"

2

9 - ?

11

France

X

X

X

X

28

17 / / 21

"

2

Germany

X

X

X

X

74

65(?) / / 57(?)

Year round

2

AQ: 1-2 -a Precip.:>6 -a

Greece

X

X

1

1 / 1 / 0

Year round

2

1-2 -

4-5

Ireland

X

X

12

7 / / 5

Year round

21)

Italy5)

X

X

X

X

3

3 / 3 / 2

Year round

2

6)

Luxembourg

X

X

X

2

1 / 0 / 1

Year round

2

2 - ?

2

the Netherlands

X

X

X

X

36

30 / 14 / 26

Year round

2

nrt-a

1.5-a/3-a

Every hour

6

Available

Portugal

X2)

X

X

13

12 / 3 / 3

Year round

2

Spain

X

X

X

X

73) 1874)

7 / 7 / 7

Year round

2

Available

Sweden

X

X

X

X

49

12 / 36 / 5

Year round

2

"as soon as possible"

U.K.

X

X

X

X

>38

38 / 32 / 15

Year round

2

nrt-a

SO2 :3 -a Acid: 3-6 - a

Twice a day

Annually

1) SO2 : Total acidity.
2) Only SO2 and SO4.
3) National network.
4) Total number of "regional" sites.
5) The available info from Italy was not complete enough to allow a summary to be made here. This summary only includes the 3 EMEP stations. There may be several more regional rural sites in Italy.
6) Data is available at EMEP-CCC monthly from Ispra, and with a delay of 6-12 months from the other 2 sites.

 

Table 3.3 (contd.)
(Codes/explanation to table)

Countries of the European Economic Area

Coverage

Methods evaluation

Data availability

Reporting

Network description

Compounds

Spatia

Site category

Temporal

CSD

FWD

EoI

No. of cities

No. of non-urban hot-spots

UG/UT/UI/RI

Non-validated 1h data

Validated data 1 h/24 h

O3

Other

Iceland

X

X

1

1 / 1 / 0

Year round

2

Liechtenstein

Norway

X

X

X

39

12 / 34 / 15

Year round

2

O3 : nrt-a Other:2-na

6-8 - a

10-12

Other countries

Albania

Bulgaria

Croatia

X

X

1

1 /

Year round

2, 3

Cyprus

X

X

X

1

1 / 1 / 1

Year round

2

nrt-a

2-a

Czech Republic

X

X

X

Total no. of sites (urban+reg.) ~650 2 EMEP sites

Year round

Estonia

X

X

X

2

2 / 2 / 2

2

Hungary

X

X

2

2 / 2 /

Year round

Poland

111)

Year round

2

Romania

SO2, NO2

X

X

5 (133 for precip.)

4 / 133 / 4

2,3

6-12

Slovakia

X

X

X

7

7 / 7 / 4

Year round

2

2-3

8

Slovenia

X

X

?

42)

2

Available

Switzerland

X

X

X

X

54

Year round

2

7-8

1) 6 GEMS, 4 EMEP, 1 HELCOM.
2) 3 EMEP and 1 GAW site.