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External Data Spec

Oceanographic database

External Data Spec Published 09 Oct 2018
1 min read
ICES database of data reported by HELCOM, OSPAR, Eionet
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International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES)
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https://www.ices.dk/data/data-portals/Pages/ocean.aspx
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Please read: https://ices.dk/data/guidelines-and-policy/Pages/ICES-data-policy.aspx

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Interactive charts

Interactive maps produced

Produced figures

Figure Number of time series available showing increasing, decreasing or no trends in dissolved inorganic nitrogen and orthophosphate concentrations for each regional sea during the period 2017-2021 The different sea regions are presented in the Y axis. The X axis corresponds to the number of time series with statistically significant decreasing trends (green), increasing trends (orange) and no trends (grey). Statistical significance at p<0.05.
Figure Trends in dissolved inorganic nitrogen and orthophosphate concentrations in Europe’s transitional, coastal and marine waters, 1980-2021 Trends in concentrations of nitrogen (dissolved inorganic nitrogen—DIN) and phosphorus (orthophosphate) in the upper 10m of the water column in European seas during the season of low phytoplankton growth (SLPG) are shown for the period 1980-2021. Green circles indicate stations with significant (p<0.05) decreasing trends; orange circles show stations with significant (p<0.05) increasing trends; and grey circles show stations with no significant trends. In these cases, p is a statistical term describing the probability that the trend is significant.
Figure Occurrence of reduced oxygen concentrations in Europe's coastal and marine waters (average for the years 2011-2022) Observations are aggregated at the level of 100*100 km grid cells, and show the mean 25-percentile of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations subdivided in four classes (<2 mg/l, 2-4 mg/l, 4-6 mg/l, >6 mg/l). The pie charts indicate the relative spatial coverage of areas with the four different concentrations of DO, aggregated by Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) marine regions - North-East Atlantic Ocean, Baltic Sea, Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea (smaller pie charts) and for all regions combined (large pie chart in centre). Oxygen concentrations above 6mg/l are considered to support marine life with minimal problems while concentrations less than 2mg/l (hypoxia, oxygen deficiency) are considered to cause severe problems.
Figure Average concentrations and trends of surface chlorophyll-a in Europe's transitional, coastal and marine waters Average summer surface chlorophyll-a concentration (left) and trends (right), in locations recently updated (last update>2016) with at least 5 years of observations, in the period between 1980 and 2021. Green circles indicate stations with significant (p<0.05) decreasing trends (i.e., improving); orange circles show stations with significant (p<0.05) increasing trends (i.e., deteriorating); and grey circles show stations with no significant trends. Colour keys of symbols and values are included in the legend.
Figure
Archived
Average concentrations and trends of surface chlorophyll-a in transitional, coastal and marine waters surrounding Europe Average summer surface chlorophyll-a concentration (left) and trends (right), in locations recently updated (last update>2016) with at least 5 years of observations, in the period between 1980 and 2021. Green circles indicate stations with significant (p<0.05) decreasing trends (i.e., improving); orange circles show stations with significant (p<0.05) increasing trends (i.e., deteriorating); and grey circles show stations with no significant trends. Colour keys of symbols and values are included in the legend.
Figure Trends in oxygen concentrations in the near-bottom waters of the North-East Atlantic Ocean and Baltic Sea regions (1989-2021) The maps show trends in annual 25-percentile of oxygen concentrations in near-bottom waters at stations with at least 6 years of observations in the period 1989-2021, and the number of trends for the North-East Atlantic and Baltic Sea, by three classes of DO concentrations: <4mg/l (including <2mg/l class); 4-6mg/l and >6mg/l. Only trends for time series ending after 2000 are included. The chart shows the number of time series with increasing trend/no trend/decreasing trend in the North-East Atlantic Ocean and Baltic Sea for grid cells with concentrations <4 mg/l, 4-6 mg/l and >6 mg/l group, for oxygen concentrations in the near-bottom layer during 1989-2021.
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Archived
Occurrence of reduced oxygen concentrations in coastal and marine waters surrounding Europe (average for the years 2011-2022) Observations are aggregated at the level of 100*100 km grid cells, and show the mean 25-percentile of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations subdivided in four classes (<2 mg/l, 2-4 mg/l, 4-6 mg/l, >6 mg/l). The pie charts indicate the relative spatial coverage of areas with the four different concentrations of DO, aggregated by Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) marine regions - North-East Atlantic Ocean, Baltic Sea, Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea (smaller pie charts) and for all regions combined (large pie chart in centre). Oxygen concentrations above 6mg/l are considered to support marine life with minimal problems while concentrations less than 2mg/l (hypoxia, oxygen deficiency) are considered to cause severe problems.
Figure
Archived
Number of time series available showing increasing, decreasing or no trends in dissolved inorganic nitrogen and orthophosphate concentrations for each regional sea during the period 1980-2021 The different sea regions are presented in the Y axis. The X axis corresponds to the number of time series with statistically significant decreasing trends (green), increasing trends (orange) and no trends (grey). Statistical significance at p<0.05.
Figure
Archived
Trends in dissolved inorganic nitrogen and orthophosphate concentrations in transitional, coastal and marine waters in Europe, 1980-2021 Trends in concentrations of nitrogen (dissolved inorganic nitrogen—DIN) and phosphorus (orthophosphate) in the upper 10m of the water column in European seas during the season of low phytoplankton growth (SLPG) are shown for the period 1980-2021. Green circles indicate stations with significant (p<0.05) decreasing trends; orange circles show stations with significant (p<0.05) increasing trends; and grey circles show stations with no significant trends. In these cases, p is a statistical term describing the probability that the trend is significant.
Figure Trends in dissolved inorganic nitrogen and orthophosphate concentrations in transitional, coastal and marine waters in Europe, 1980-2019 Trends in concentrations of nitrogen (dissolved inorganic nitrogen — DIN) and phosphorus (orthophosphate) in the upper 10m of the water column in European seas during the season of low phytoplankton growth (SLPG) are shown for the period 1980-2019. Green circles indicate stations with significant (p<0.05) decreasing trends; orange circles show stations with significant (p<0.05) increasing trends; and grey circles show stations with no significant trends. In these cases, p is a statistical term describing the probability that the trend is significant.
Figure
Archived
Number of time series available showing increasing, decreasing or no trends in dissolved inorganic nitrogen and orthophosphate concentrations for each regional sea during the period 1980-2019 The different sea regions are presented in the Y axis. The X axis corresponds to the number of time series with statistically significant decreasing trends (green), increasing trends (orange) and no trends (grey). Statistical significance at p<0.05.
Figure
Archived
Trends in oxygen concentrations in the near-bottom layer and number of trends, by concentration group (1989-2019) The maps show trends in annual 25-percentile of oxygen concentrations in near-bottom waters at stations with at least 6 years of observations in the period 1989-2019, by three classes of DO concentrations: <4mg/l (including <2mg/l class); 4-6mg/l and >6mg/l. Only trends for time series ending after 2000 are included. The chart shows the number of time series with increasing, decreasing and no trend in the North-East Atlantic Ocean and Baltic Sea for the three classes of DO concentrations during the same period (1989-2019).
Figure
Archived
Occurrence of reduced oxygen concentrations in coastal and marine waters surrounding Europe (average for the years 2009-2019) Observations are aggregated at the level of 100*100 km grid cells, and show the mean 25-percentile of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations subdivided in four classes (<2 mg/l, 2-4 mg/l, 4-6 mg/l, >6 mg/l). The pie charts indicate the relative spatial coverage of areas with the four different concentrations of DO, aggregated by Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) marine regions - North-East Atlantic Ocean, Baltic Sea, Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea (smaller pie charts) and for all regions combined (large pie chart in centre).
Figure
Archived
Average concentrations and trends of surface chlorophyll-a in transitional, coastal and marine waters surrounding Europe Summer surface chlorophyll-a concentration averages (left) and trends (right), in locations recently updated (last update>2015) with at least 5 years of observations, in the period between 1980 and 2019. Colour keys of symbols and values are included in the legend.
Figure Winter mean orthophosphate concentrations in European seas, 2013-2017 The map shows mean orthophosphate concentrations in the upper 10 m of the water column, observed in winter of the years 2013-2017.
Figure Annual mean total phosphorus concentrations in European seas, 2013-2017 The map shows total phosphorus concentrations in the upper 10 m of the water column, observed in the years 2013-2017.
Figure Winter dissolved inorganic nitrogen (NH4 + NO3 + NO2) concentration observed in European seas, 2013-2017 The map shows dissolved dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) (NH4 + NO3 + NO2) concentrations in the upper 10 m of the water column, observed in winter of the years 2013-2017.
Figure Temporal development of the Lusitanina/Boreal species ration The map shows the temporal development of the Lusitanina/Boreal species ration, 1972 and 2016
Figure Trends in summer/autumn oxygen concentrations in the water column near the seafloor The map shows trends per station in dissolved oxygen concentrations in the water column near the seafloor, observed in summer/autumn of the years 1990-2017. Purple: significant decrease; green: significant increase; grey: no significant trend. Small symbols: ≤10 years of data; large symbols: >10 years of data.
Figure Summer/autumn oxygen concentrations in water column near the seafloor, 2013-2017 The map shows dissolved oxygen concentrations in the water column near the seafloor, observed in summer/autumn of the years 2013-2017. Purple: <2 mg/l; Light purple: 2-4 mg/l; Light green: 4-6 mg/l; Green: >6 mg/l
Figure
Archived
Hazardous substances in marine organisms in European seas The maps show eight contaminants distributed in four regional seas (no data available for the Black Sea). In each map the locations where the contaminant was measured are coloured to indicate which class was registered; green (low concentration), yellow (moderate concentration) or red (high concentration). The pie charts cover the North Atlantic Sea, the Baltic Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, showing the percentage of each class of the regional seas. Any regional trend for a particular class is indicated by black arrows.
Figure Annual mean total nitrogen (NO2+NO3) concentrations observed in European seas, 2013-2017 The map shows the oxidised nitrogen concentrations in the upper 10 m of the water column, observed in the years 2013-2017.
Figure Mean chlorophyll-a (Chla) concentrations in European seas, 2013-2017 The map shows chlorophyll concentrations in the upper 10 m of the water column, observed in the summers of the years 2013-2017.
Figure Trends in summer chlorophyll concentrations in European Seas, 1990-2017 The map shows trends per station in chlorophyll concentrations per station in the upper 10 m of the water column, as observed during summer in the years 1990-2017. Red: significant increase; Green: significant decrease; Grey: no significant trend. Small symbols: ≤10 years of data; Large symbols: >10 years of data.
Figure Trends in annual mean total nitrogen concentrations in European seas The map shows trends per station in total nitrogen concentrations in the upper 10 m of the water column, observed during the years 1990-2017.
Figure Trends in winter mean dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentrations in European seas The map shows trends per station in dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentrations in the upper 10 m of the water column, observed in European Seas during winter time during the period 1990-2017.
Figure Trends in annual mean total phosphorus concentrations in European Seas The map shows trends per station in phosphorus concentrations in the upper 10 m of the water column, observed during winter in the years 1990-2017.
Figure Trends in winter mean orthophosphate concentrations in European seas The map shows the trends per station in orthophosphate (PO4) concentrations in the upper 10 m of the water column, observed during winter of the years 1990-2017.
Figure
Archived
Trends in dissolved inorganic nitrogen and orthophosphate concentrations in transitional, coastal and marine waters in Europe, 1980-2021 Trends in concentrations of nitrogen (dissolved inorganic nitrogen—DIN) and phosphorus (orthophosphate) in the upper 10m of the water column in European seas during the season of low phytoplankton growth (SLPG) are shown for the period 1980-2021. Green circles indicate stations with significant (p<0.05) decreasing trends; orange circles show stations with significant (p<0.05) increasing trends; and grey circles show stations with no significant trends. In these cases, p is a statistical term describing the probability that the trend is significant.

Used in indicators

Indicator Specification Oxygen concentrations in European coastal and marine waters The indicator illustrates the geographical distribution and trends in summer/autumn concentrations of oxygen in the near-bottom waters of the regional seas of Europe. It uses oxygen concentrations in the near-bottom layer during the period July-October. The following marine regions and subregions are covered, in line with the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) (sub)regions: Baltic Sea, North-East Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea (see 'Regional seas surrounding Europe' map: Regional Seas ).
Indicator Specification Hazardous substances in marine organisms This indicator describes the levels of and trends in the levels of eight hazardous substances in marine biota in European seas , based on individual assessments of monitoring data for the following substances: mercury (Hg) and its compounds; cadmium (Cd) and its compounds; lead (Pb) and its compounds; HCB; PCBs, using chlorinated biphenyls CB28, CB52, CB101, CB118, CB138, CB153 and CB180 as representatives; the pesticide DDT (using pp’DDE as a representative); the pesticide Lindane (1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane); the polyaromatic hydrocarbon BaP. The indicator is based on data on the levels of these substances measured in organisms from the regional seas as follows: Baltic Sea — Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus); North-East Atlantic Ocean — blue mussel (Mytilus app), Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), flounder (Platichtys flesus); Mediterranean Sea — Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovinicialis); Black Sea — Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovinicialis).
Indicator Specification Chlorophyll in transitional, coastal and marine waters  The indicator illustrates the geographical distribution and trends in mean summer surface concentrations of chlorophyll-a (micrograms per litre) in the regional seas of Europe. The summer period is defined as: June to September for stations north of latitude 59 degrees in the Baltic Sea (Gulf of Bothnia and Gulf of Finland) May to September for all other stations The following marine regions and subregions are covered, in line with the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (sub)regions:   Regions Subregions Baltic Sea None North-East Atlantic Ocean Greater North Sea Celtic Seas Bay of Biscay and Iberian coast Macaronesian biogeographic region Mediterranean Sea Western Mediterranean Sea Adriatic Sea Ionian Sea and Central Mediterranean Aegean-Levantine Sea Black Sea None  
Indicator Specification Nutrients in transitional, coastal and marine waters The indicator illustrates the following levels and trends in concentrations in the regional seas of Europe: winter means of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (nitrate + nitrite + ammonium) winter means of orthophosphate annual means of total nitrogen annual means of total phosphorus The winter period is defined as follows: January, February and March for stations east of longitude 15 degrees (Bornholm) in the Baltic Sea January and February for all other stations. The following marine (sub)regions are covered, in line with the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (sub)regions: Regions Subregions Baltic Sea None North-East Atlantic Ocean Greater North Sea Celtic Seas Bay of Biscay and the Iberian coast Macaronesian biogeographic region Mediterranean Sea Western Mediterranean Sea Adriatic Sea Ionian Sea and Central Mediterranean Aegean-Levantine Sea Black Sea None
Indicator Specification Changes in fish distribution in European seas This indicator looks at the temporal development of the ratio between the number of Lusitanian and Boreal fish species within ICES Statistical rectangles and ICES divisions.

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