Is Europe reducing its greenhouse gas emissions?

When we burn fossil fuels, we release gases that create a greenhouse effect in the atmosphere, changing our planet’s climate. As a result, we experience changes to our climate (e.g. shifts in snow and rainfall patterns, rise in temperatures and other extreme climate events such as heatwaves and floods). These climate- and weather-related events also have negative impacts on our health. During the 2003 heatwave, over 70 000 fatalities were reported.

Average greenhouse gas emissions per EU citizen decreased from 11 tonnes in 1990 to 8 tonnes in 2019

The European Union (EU) has made good progress in reducing its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions thanks to many factors, including the implementation of EU and national policies and measures, an increase in the use of renewables, a switch from coal to gas for power generation, improvements in energy efficiency and structural changes in the EU economies. GHG emissions in the EU-27 including those from international transport (aviation and maritime), decreased from 11 tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) in 1990 to 8 tonnes of CO2e in 2019. 

Greenhouse gas emissions targets, trends and projections in the EU, 1990-2050

This means that the EU has met its 2020 GHG reduction target. However, higher levels of renewables in the energy mix and energy efficiency improvements will be needed for the EU to reach its 2030 target and even more so to become climate-neutral by 2050.

The EEA's contribution

The European Environment Agency (EEA) collects data on the annual levels of greenhouse gas emissions in European countries, analyses past and projected trends and underpinning drivers of greenhouse gas emissions, and monitors the EU’s progress in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. By providing these data and knowledge, the EEA supports the EU in evaluating whether current policies are effective in reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

The EEA works closely with its member countries and the Environment Information and Observation Network (EIONET), other EU institutions (e.g. the European Commission, Eurostat and the Joint Research Centre (JRC)), experts from its European Topic Centre on Climate change Mitigation and Energy (ETC/CME), and other international organisations (e.g. the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)).