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Chapter 1

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Chapter 2

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Chapter 3

• EC, 2002, Decision No 1600/2002/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 July 2002 laying down the Sixth Community Environment Action Programme.
• EEA, 2003, Environmental indicators: typology and use in reporting, EEA internal working paper, European Environment Agency.
• EEA, 2005, EEA core set of indicators — Guide, EEA Technical report No 1/2005, European Environment Agency
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Chapter 4

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• EC, 2010, Report from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament on implementation of Council Directive 91/676/EEC concerning the protection of waters against pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources for the period 2004–2007, SEC(2010)118.
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• EEA, 2010b, EU 2010 biodiversity baseline, EEA Technical report No 12/2010, European Environment Agency.
• EEA, 2010c, The European environment — state and outlook 2010: assessment of global megatrends, European Environment Agency.
• EEA, 2010d, The European environment – state and outlook 2010: freshwater quality, European Environment Agency.
• EEA, 2010e, 10 messages for 2010 — Agricultural ecosystems, European Environment Agency.
• EEA, 2010f, The European environment – state and outlook 2010: biodiversity, European Environment Agency.
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• Kramer, S., Reganold, J., Glover, J., Bohannan, B. and Mooney, H., 2006, 'Reduced nitrate leaching and enhanced denitrifier activity and efficiency in organically fertilized soils', Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 103(12): 4 522–4 527.
• Sutton, M., Howard, C., Erisman, J., Billen, G., Bleeker, A., Greenfelt, P., van Grinsven, H., Grizetti, B. (eds), 2011, The European nitrogen assessment — sources, effects and policy perspectives, Cambridge University Press.
• UNECE, 2004, Manual on methodologies and criteria for modelling and mapping critical loads and levels and air pollution effects, risks and trends: Mapping Manual 2004, UNECE Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution. 

Chapter 5

• Brohan, P., Kennedy, J., Harris, I., Tett, S., Jones, P., 2006, 'Uncertainty estimates in regional and global observed temperature changes: a new dataset from 1850', Journal Geophysical Research, 111(D12106).
• EC, 2007, Presidency Conclusions of the European Council of 8/9 March 2007, 7224/1/07 REV 1.
• EC, 2010, Europe 2020 — A strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth, Communication from the Commission, COM/2010/2020.
• EC, 2011a, A roadmap for moving to a competitive low carbon economy in 2050, Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, COM/2011/112.
• EC, 2011b, Energy efficiency plan 2011, Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, COM/2011/109. 
• EEA, 2010, The European environment – state and outlook 2010: synthesis, European Environment Agency. 
• EEA, 2011a, Annual European Union greenhouse gas inventory 1990–2009 and inventory report 2011, EEA Technical Report No 2/2011, European Environment Agency.
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• EEA, 2012a, GHG emission trends and projections in Europe, European Environment Agency (forthcoming).
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• IPCC, 2007, Climate change 2007: Working Group I: the physical science basis, Cambridge University Press.
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• Smith, T., Reynolds, R., Peterson, T. and Lawrimore, J., 2008, 'Improvements to NOAA's historical merged land-ocean surface temperature analysis (1880–2006)', Journal of Climate, 21, 2 283–2 293.
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• UNFCCC, 1992, United Nations Framework Convention On Climate Change, United Nations.
• UNFCCC, 2009, Copenhagen Accord, 18 December 2009, UNFCCC secretariat, Bonn.
• van der Linden, P. and Mitchell, J. F. B., 2009, ENSEMBLES: Climate Change and its Impacts: Summary of research and results from the ENSEMBLES project, Met Office Hadley Centre.

Chapter 6

• EEA, 2011a, Air quality in Europe — 2011 report, EEA Technical report No 12/2011, European Environment Agency.
• EEA, 2011b, Laying the foundations for greener transport — TERM 2011: transport indicators tracking progress towards environmental targets in Europe, EEA Report No 7/2011, European Environment Agency.
• IEA, 2009, Transport, energy and CO2 — moving towards sustainability, International Energy Agency. (http://www.iea.org/textbase/nppdf/free/2009/transport2009.pdf) accessed 19 October 2011).
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• UNEP, 2011, Towards a green economy: pathways to sustainable development and poverty eradication, United Nations Environment Programme.

Chapter 7

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• EEA, 2010c, 10 messages for 2010 — marine ecosystems, European Environment Agency. 
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• EEA, 2010e, EU 2010 biodiversity baseline, EEA Technical report No 12/2010, European Environment Agency.
• EEA, 2010f, Laying the foundations for greener transport — TERM 2011: transport indicators tracking progress towards environmental targets in Europe, EEA Report No 7/2011, European Environment Agency.
• FAO, 2012, 'Fisheries and Aquaculture Department – Statistics', Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, (http://www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/en) accessed 27 March 2012. 
• Garcia-Charton, J., Pérez-Ruzafa, A., Marcos, C., Claudet, J., Badalamenti, F, Benedetti-Cecchi, L., Falcón, J.M., Milazzo, M., Schembri, P., Stobart, B., Vandeperre, F., Brito, A., Chemello, R., Dimech, M., Domenici, P., Guala, I., Le Diréach, L., Maggi, E. and Planes, S., 2008, 'Effectiveness of European Atlanto-Mediterranean MPAs: Do they accomplish the expected effects on populations, communities and ecosystems?' Journal for Nature Conservation, 16, 193–221.
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• Jackson, J., Kirby, M, Berger, W., Bjorndal, K., Botsford, L., Bourque, B., Bradbury, R., Cooke, R., Eriandson, J., Estes, J., Hughes, T., Kidwell, S., Lange, C., Lenihan, H., Pandolfi, J., Peterson, C., Steneck, R., Tegner, M. and Warner, R., 2001, 'Historical overfishing and the recent collapse of coastal ecosystems', Science, 293(5530): 629–637.
• UNEP, 2011, Towards a green economy: pathways to sustainable development and poverty eradication, United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi.

Chapter 8

• EC, 2001, 'Waste water', in: Economic and environmental implications of the use of environmental taxes and charges in the European Union and its Member States, European Commission (http://ec.europa.eu/environment/enveco/taxation/pdf/ch7_waste_water.pdf) accessed 27 March 2012.
• EC, 2007, Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council on addressing the challenge of water scarcity and droughts in the European Union, COM(2007)414 final.
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• EEA, 2005, Effectiveness of urban wastewater treatment policies in selected countries: an EEA pilot study, EEA Report 2/2005, European Environment Agency.
• EEA, 2007, Europe's environment — the fourth assessment, European Environment Agency.
• EEA, 2009, Water resources across Europe — confronting water scarcity and drought, EEA Report No 2/2009, European Environment Agency.
• EEA, 2010a, The European environment — state and outlook 2010: water resources — quantity and flows, European Environment Agency.
• EEA, 2010b, The European environment — state and outlook 2010: synthesis, European Environment Agency.
• EEA, 2012, Towards efficient use of water resources in Europe, EEA Report No 1/2012, European Environment Agency.
• OECD, 2011, Towards green growth, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris.
• Notes to Figure 8.2
• Data for water abstractions for irrigation reported for 1990 and 2009 unless noted otherwise.
• Eastern Europe: Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary (1992, 2006), Latvia (1991, 2007), Poland, Romania, Slovakia (1990, 2007), Slovenia;
• Western Europe: Austria (1990, 2002), Belgium (1994, 2007), Denmark, England and Wales (1990, 2008), Finland (1994, 2005), Germany (1995, 2007), Netherlands (1995, 2006), Norway (1995, 2006), Sweden (1990, 2007);
• Southern Europe: France (1991, 2007), Greece (1990, 2007), Portugal (1990, 1998), Spain (1991, 2008); 
• Turkey (1995, 2008).
• Data for water abstractions for energy cooling reported for 1990 and 2009 unless noted otherwise.
• Eastern Europe: Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary (1992, 2008), Poland, Romania; 
• Western Europe: Austria (1990, 2008), Belgium (1994, 2007), England and Wales (1990, 2008), Finland (1990, 2005), Germany (1991, 2007), Netherlands (1990, 2008), Sweden (1990, 2007), Switzerland (1990, 2006); 
• Southern Europe: France (1990, 2007), the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Greece (1990, 2007) Spain (1991, 2008);
• Turkey (1994, 2008).
• Data for water abstractions for manufacturing industry reported for 1990 and 2009 unless noted otherwise:
• Eastern Europe: Bulgaria, Croatia (1996, 2009), Czech Republic, Estonia (1998, 2009), Hungary (1992, 2008), Latvia (1991, 2007), Poland, Romania, Slovakia (1990, 2007), Slovenia; 
• Western Europe: Austria (1990, 2008), Belgium (1994, 2007), Denmark, England and Wales (1990, 2008), Finland (1990, 2005), Germany (1991, 2009), Iceland (1992, 2005), Netherlands (1990, 2008), Norway (1999, 2009), Sweden (1990, 2007); 
• Southern Europe: France (1990, 2006), the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Greece (1997, 2003), Spain (1991, 2006); 
• Turkey (1995, 2008).
• Data for water abstractions for public water supply reported for 1990 and 2009 unless noted otherwise.
• Eastern Europe: Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia (1998, 2009), Hungary (1992, 2009), Poland, Romania, Slovakia (1990, 2007), Slovenia; 
• Western Europe: Austria (1990, 2008), Belgium, Denmark, Finland (1990, 2005), Germany (1991, 2007), Iceland (1992, 2005), Ireland (1994, 2007), Netherlands (1990, 2008), Norway (1990, 2007), Sweden (1990, 2007), Switzerland (1990, 2006), United Kingdom (1990, 2008); 
• Southern Europe: Cyprus (1998, 2009), France (1990, 2007), the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Greece (1997, 2007), Italy (1989, 2008), Malta (1995, 2009), Portugal (1990, 2008), Spain(1991, 2008); 
• Turkey (1994, 2008).

Chapter 9

• EC, 2002, Decision No 1600/2002/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 July 2002 laying down the Sixth Community Environment Action Programme.
• EC, 2007, A lead market initiative for Europe, Commission Staff Working Document Annex I to the Communication for the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, SEC(2007) 1729, Brussels. 
• EC, 2008, The raw materials initiative – meeting our critical needs for growth and jobs in Europe, Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, COM/2008/699.
• EC, 2011a, Tackling the challenges in commodity markets and raw materials, Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, COM/2011/25.
• EC, 2011b, Roadmap to a resource efficient Europe, Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, COM/2011/571.
• Eurostat, 2012, 'Economy wide material flow accounts' (http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/environmental_accounts/publications/economy_wide_material_flow_accounts) accessed 27 March 2012.
• EEA, 2010, The European environment — state and outlook 2010: material resources and waste, European Environment Agency.
• EEA, 2011a, Resource efficiency in Europe — Policies and approaches in 31 EEA member and cooperating countries, EEA Report No 5/2011, European Environment Agency.
• EEA, 2011b, Earnings, jobs and innovation: the role of recycling in a green economy, EEA Report No 8/2011 European Environment Agency. 
• Ernst and Young, 2006, Eco industry, its size, employment, perspectives and barriers to growth in an enlarged EU, report prepared for DG Environment of the European Commission.
• ETC/SCP, 2011, Green economy and recycling in Europe, European Topic Centre Sustainable Consumption and Production working paper 5/2011 (http://scp.eionet.europa.eu/publications/2011_wp5/wp/2011_wp5/wp/WP2011_5) accessed 27 March 2012. 
• Ewing, B., Moore, D., Goldfinger, S., Oursler, A., Reed, A. and Wackernagel, M., 2010, The ecological footprint atlas 2010, Global Footprint Network, Oakland.
• Friends of the Earth, 2010, More jobs, less waste — Potential for job creation through higher rates of recycling in the UK and EU, Friends of the Earth, London. 

Chapter 10

• EC, 2007. Green Paper: Towards a new culture for urban mobility. COM/2007/ 551. Brussels 25.9.2007. 
• EC, 2009. Prospects for Agricultural Markets and Income in the European Union 2008–2015, (http://ec.europa.eu/ agriculture/publi/caprep/prospects2008/index_en.htm) accessed 21 September 2010.
• EEA, 2010a, The European environment – state and outlook 2010: water resources: quantities and flows, European Environment Agency.
• EEA, 2010b, The European environment – state and outlook 2010: freshwater quality, European Environment Agency.
• EEA, 2010c, The European environment – state and outlook 2010: land use, European Environment Agency.
• EEA, 2010d, The European environment – state and outlook 2010: Synthesis, European Environment Agency.
• EEA, 2010e, The European environment – state and outlook 2010: consumption and the environment, European Environment Agency.
• EEA, 2010f, The European environment – state and outlook 2010: urban environment, European Environment Agency.
• Eurostat, 2009, Organic farming statistics. (http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Organic_farming_statistics) accessed 2 April 2012.
• FAO, 2010. Faostat (http://faostat.fao.org) accessed 21 September 2010.