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References [Chapter 5]


CAC 1993 Risk Assessment Procedures Used by the CAC and its Subsidiary and Advisory Bodies. Report of 20th Session. Codex Alimentarius Commission, Rome.

Christiansen, K. H. 1996 Microbiological Risk Assessment of Meat - A Veterinary's Perspective. Proceedings from the 1996 Annual Meeting of the Society for Risk Analysis - Europe, 3-5 June 1996, University of Surrey, Guilford.

CEC 1990a 90/219/EEC. OJ L117. 8.5.1990. Commission of the European Communities, Brussels.

CEC 1990b 90/220/EEC. OJ L117. 8.5.1990. Commission of the European Communities, Brussels.

CEC 1993 Commission Directive 93/67/EEC, OJ L227/10, 8.9.1993. Commission of the European Communities, Brussels.

CEC 1996 Re-examined proposal for a Council Directive on Ambient Air Quality Assessment and Management, COM(96)311 Final, Commission of the European Communities, Brussels.

CEC/ECB 1996a Technical Guidance Documents in support of the Commission Directive 93/67/EEC on Risk Assessment for New Notified Substances and the Commission Regulation (EC) 1488/94 on Risk Assessment for Existing Substances, Commission of the European Communities/European Chemicals Bureau, Ispra. (In press).

Doll, R. 1993 Epidemiological evidence of effects of small doses of ionising radiation with a note on the causation of clusters of childhood leukaemia. Journal of Radiological Protection, 13(4), 233-241.

ECETOC/IRPTC 1996 Inventory of Critical Reviews on Chemicals. European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals, Brussels/International Register on Potentially Toxic Chemicals, Geneva.

Edwards-Bert, P., Bently, K., Callan, P., Baghurst, P. (Eds) 1992 Proceedings of the International Meeting on Non-occupational Exposure to Lead, 5-9 October 1992, Melbourne, Australia.

EEA 1997 Monograph on Urban Air Quality, European Environment Agency, Copenhagen. Draft.

Fan, A., Howd, R. and Davis, B. 1995 Risk Assessment of Environmental Chemicals. Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology 35, 341-368.

FAO/WHO 1995 Application of Risk Analysis to Food Standards Issues. Report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome/World Health Organization, Geneva.

Francis, B. M. 1994 Toxic Substances in the Environment. John Wiley & Sons, New York.

Health Canada 1994 Update of the Evidence for Low-level Effects of Lead and Blood Lead Intervention Levels and Strategies. Final Report of Working Group, Environmental Health Directorate, Ottawa, Canada.

ICRP 1977 Recommendations of the ICRP, ICRP Publication 26, Annals of the ICRP 1(3), International Commission on Radiological Protection, Pergamon Press, Oxford.

ICRP 1990 Recommendations of the ICRP, ICRP Publication 60, Annals of the ICRP, International Commission on Radiological Protection. Pergamon Press, Oxford.

Lovell, D. 1996 Quantitative Risk Assessment of Chemicals: The Problem or the Panacea, Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Society for Risk Analysis-Europe, University of Surrey, Guildford.

Luster, M. I. et al. 1988 Development of a Testing Battery to Assess Chemically Induced Immunotoxicity. Fundamentals of Applied Toxicology 10, 2-19.

McCutcheon, P. 1996 Evaluation and control of chemical substances in the European Union. In: Risk Reduction, M. Richardson (Ed.), Taylor and Francis, London.

MAFF 1996 Food Surveillance Information Sheet Nos. 82 and 83, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, London.

Maynard, R. L., Cameron, K. M., Fielder, R., McDonald, A. and Wadge, A. 1995 Setting Air Quality Standards for Carcinogens - An Alternative to Mathematical Quantitative Risk Assessment. Human and Experimental Toxicology 14(2) 175-186.

Munro, I. C. and Krewski, D. R. 1981 Risk assessment and regulatory decision-making. In: Food and Cosmetics Toxicology 19(5), 549-560.

Neel, J., Schull, W., Awa, A., Satoh, C., Kato, H., Otake, M. and Yoshimoto, Y. 1990 The children of parents exposed to atomic bombs: estimates of the genetic doubling dose of radiation for humans. American Journal of Human Genetics 46, 1053-1076.

NRPB 1995 Risks of Leukaemia and Other Cancers in Seascale from All Sources of Ionising Radiation Exposure. National Radiological Protection Board, Oxford.

OIE 1993 Risk Analysis, Animal Health and Trade. Scientific and Technical Review 12(4), Office Internationale de Epizooties, Paris.

OIE 1995 Risk Assessment for Veterinary Biologicals. Scientific and Technical Review 14(4), Office Internationale de Epizooties, Paris.

Paustenbach, D. J. 1989 The Risk Assessment of Environmental and Human Health Hazards. Wiley Interscience, New York.

Royal Society 1992 Risk Analysis, Perception and Management. The Royal Society, London.

Scarpino, M. et al. 1989 Microbiological Risk Assessment for Land Application of Municipal Sludge, EPA Report No. EPA/601/D-89/029. US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC.

Schull, W. T., Otake, M. and Neel, J. 1981 Genetic effects of the atomic bombs: a reappraisal. Science 213, 1220-1227.

Swedish EPA 1996 Risk assessment - Health - Environment, Report 4595. Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Stockholm.

Taubes, G. 1995 Epidemiology faces its limit. Science 269, 164-169.

UK Government and Industry Working Group 1993 Risk Assessment of Existing Substances. UK Government and Industry Working Group, Department of the Environment, London.

UNSCEAR 1988 Sources, Effects and Risks of Ionising Radiation. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, United Nations, New York.

US Centre for Disease Control 1991 Preventing lead poisoning in young children: a statement by the centres for disease control, Centres for Disease Control, Atlanta, USA.

US EPA 1986 Qualitative Pathogen Risk Assessment for Ocean Disposal of Municipal Sludge, EPA/600/6-881010, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC.

US EPA 1989 Pathogen Risk Assessment for Land Application of Municipal Sludge, Vol. 1, Methods and Computer Model, EPA/601/6-90/002A, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC.

US EPA 1991 Proposed Amendment to the Sub-division F Guideline Requirements to Provide for an Evaluation of the Immunotoxicity of Chemicals Pesticides, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC.

van Leeuwen, C. J. and Hermens, J. L. M. (Eds) 1995 Risk Assessment of Chemicals - An Introduction. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.

WHO 1995 Updating and Revision of the Air Quality Guideline for Europe. Meeting of the Working Group "Classical" Air Pollutants. World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe - EUR/ICP/EHAZ 94 05/PB01.

WHO/IPCS 1986 Immunotoxicology. Development of predictive testing for determining the immunotoxic potential of chemicals. Report of a technical review meeting. London, November 3-5, 1986. World Health Organization, International Programme for Chemical Safety, Geneva.

WHO/IPCS 1992 Diethylhexyl Phthalate, Environmental Health Criteria No. 131. World Health Organization, International Programme for Chemical Safety, Geneva.

WHO/IPCS 1995 Inorganic Lead, Environmental Health Criteria No. 165. World Health Organization, International Programme for Chemical Safety, Geneva.

WHO/IPCS 1996a Methomyl, Environmental Health Criteria No. 178. World Health Organization, International Programme on Chemical Safety, Geneva.

WHO/IPCS 1996b Principles and Methods for Assessing Direct Immunotoxicity Associated with Exposure to Chemicals, Environmental Health Criteria No. 180. World Health Organization, International Programme for Chemical Safety, Geneva.

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