18.1 - Introduction
18.2 - Hazardous Events: A Separate Cause of Impacts 18.2.1 - Uncertainity and duration 18.2.2 - Impact mechanisms and types of damage 18.2.2.1 - Accidents 18.2.2.2 - Natural hazards
18.3 - Sources and Consequences 18.3.1 - Industrial installations 18.3.2 - Inland transport and distribution 18.3.3 - Marine transport and offshore installations 18.3.4 - Nuclear installations and transport of radioactive material 18.3.4.1 - Transportation 18.3.4.2 - Operation of nuclear installations 18.3.4.3 - Abnormal events 18.3.4.4 - Environmental effects 18.3.4.4.1 - Important radionuclides 18.3.4.4.2 - Radionuclide distribution 18.3.4.4.3 - Radiation damage to vegetation 18.3.4.4.4 - Radiation damage to fauna 18.3.4.4.5 - Lessons learned and needs 18.3.5 - Natural hazards 18.3.5.1 - Storms and floods 18.3.5.2 - Heatwaves, fires and draughts 18.3.5.3 - Earthquakes and volcanoes
18.4 - Hazardous Events as a Cause of Damage 18.4.1 - Short- and long-term impacts 18.4.2 - Relationship with other causes of impacts