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Greenhouse gas emissions from transport in Europe

Indicator
workflow
Metadata
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Climate action
Descriptive indicator (Type A - What is happening to the environment and to humans?)
Pressure
Supporting information
[{"type": "h4", "children": [{"text": "Methodology for indicator calculation"}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": "The indicator uses information from three EEA data sets: the greenhouse gas emissions inventory, approximated estimates of greenhouse gas emissions and greenhouse gas emissions projections."}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": ""}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": "The aggregated level assessment uses historical and projected GHG emissions for the transport sector as a whole: this is a sum of IPCC categories 1.A.3 (transport), 1.D.1.a (international aviation) and 1.D.1.b (international maritime transport)."}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": ""}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": "The disaggregated level assessment uses historical and projected GHG emissions for various transport modes: road transport (IPCC category 1.A.3.b), railway transport (1.A.3.c), domestic navigation (1.A.3.d), international maritime transport (1.D.1.b) and aviation (1.A.3.a and 1.D.1.a)."}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": ""}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": "Projections cover the period 2015-2035 (the historic years in the projections show values used for calibrating the projection). Two distinct projection scenarios are developed by the Member States, based on different levels of implementation of climate mitigation policies: the \u2018with existing measures\u2019 scenario includes policies already adopted, while the \u2018with additional measures\u2019 scenario includes planned policies and national targets."}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": ""}]}, {"type": "h4", "children": [{"text": "Methodology for gap filling"}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": "No methodology for gap filling has been specified."}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": ""}]}, {"type": "h4", "children": [{"text": "Methodology references"}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": "No methodology references available."}]}]
[{"type": "p", "children": [{"url": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/national-emissions-reported-to-the-unfccc-and-to-the-eu-greenhouse-gas-monitoring-mechanism-18", "type": "a", "data": {"link": {"external": {"external_link": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/national-emissions-reported-to-the-unfccc-and-to-the-eu-greenhouse-gas-monitoring-mechanism-18", "target": "_self"}}}, "children": [{"text": "National emissions reported to the UNFCCC and to the EU Greenhouse Gas Monitoring Mechanism"}]}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"url": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/approximated-estimates-for-greenhouse-gas-emissions-5", "type": "a", "data": {"link": {"external": {"external_link": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/approximated-estimates-for-greenhouse-gas-emissions-5", "target": "_self"}}}, "children": [{"text": "Approximated estimates for greenhouse gas emissions"}]}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"url": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/greenhouse-gas-emission-projections-for-9", "type": "a", "data": {"link": {"external": {"external_link": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/greenhouse-gas-emission-projections-for-9", "target": "_self"}}}, "children": [{"text": "Member States' greenhouse gas (GHG) emission projections"}]}]}]
[{"type": "p", "children": [{"text": "This indicator shows historical greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the transport sector, as well as emissions projected up to 2035 under scenarios in which policies currently in place (\u2018with existing measures\u2019) and planned (\u2018with additional measures\u2019) in the EU Member States (EU-27) are implemented. The disaggregated level assessment illustrates trends and projections in key transport sub-sectors."}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": ""}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": "It covers IPCC source categories 1.A.3, 1.D.1.a and 1.D.1.b (as used in "}, {"url": "https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/pdf/1_Volume1/V1_8_Ch8_Reporting_Guidance.pdf", "data": {"link": {"external": {"target": "_self", "external_link": "https://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/pdf/1_Volume1/V1_8_Ch8_Reporting_Guidance.pdf"}}, "title": ""}, "type": "a", "children": [{"text": "GHG emission inventories"}]}, {"text": ")."}]}]
[{"type": "p", "children": [{"text": "Greenhouse gas emissions are measured in million tonnes CO"}, {"type": "sub", "children": [{"text": ""}]}, {"text": ""}, {"type": "sub", "children": [{"text": "2 "}]}, {"text": "equivalent (Mt CO"}, {"type": "sub", "children": [{"text": "2"}]}, {"text": "e);"}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": ""}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": "Change in emission levels from 1990 (index 1990=100)."}]}]
[{"type": "h4", "children": [{"text": "Context description"}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": "The "}, {"url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=COM%3A2019%3A640%3AFIN", "data": {"link": {"external": {"external_link": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=COM%3A2019%3A640%3AFIN", "target": "_self"}}}, "type": "a", "children": [{"text": "European Green Deal"}]}, {"text": " (COM(2019) 640 final)\u00a0sets out the aim to achieve a carbon neutral EU by 2050. This requires the decarbonisation of all sectors. In its proposal for the "}, {"url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?qid=1588581905912&uri=CELEX:52020PC0080", "data": {"link": {"external": {"target": "_self", "external_link": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?qid=1588581905912&uri=CELEX:52020PC0080"}}, "title": ""}, "type": "a", "children": [{"text": "Climate Law"}]}, {"text": " (COM(2020) 80 final), the European Commission proposed to increase the intermediate GHG emission reduction target for 2030 to 55%, accepted by the European Council at the end of 2020."}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": ""}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": "In December 2020, the Commission published \u2018"}, {"url": "https://ec.europa.eu/transport/sites/transport/files/legislation/com20200789-annex.pdf", "data": {"link": {"external": {"target": "_self", "external_link": "https://ec.europa.eu/transport/sites/transport/files/legislation/com20200789-annex.pdf"}}, "title": ""}, "type": "a", "children": [{"text": "Sustainable and Smart Mobility Strategy"}]}, {"text": "\u2019 (COM(2020) 789 final), laying out its vision to ensure that the EU transport system can achieve a green transformation."}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": ""}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": "The transport sector is responsible for nearly a quarter of Europe\u2019s greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, this sector has proven difficult to decarbonise, and has not shown the same decreases in GHG emissions since 1990 as other sectors. Therefore, it is important to track this sector in detail and project changes in GHG emissions based on the reductions possible with policy measures that have already been adopted or are planned in the EU Member States."}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": ""}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": "In the implementation of the 2030 climate and energy framework, commercial aviation (all airlines operating in Europe) is covered by the "}, {"url": "https://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/ets_en", "data": {"link": {"external": {"external_link": "https://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/ets_en", "target": "_self"}}}, "type": "a", "children": [{"text": "EU Emissions Trading Scheme"}]}, {"text": ", while the rest of the transport sector (excluding international shipping) is covered by the "}, {"url": "https://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/effort_en", "data": {"link": {"external": {"external_link": "https://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/effort_en", "target": "_self"}}}, "type": "a", "children": [{"text": "Effort Sharing Regulation"}]}, {"text": ". The indicator allows the contributions of the transport sector to meeting targets set out in both these pieces of legislation to be assessed in detail."}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": ""}]}, {"type": "h4", "children": [{"text": "Targets"}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": "Targets not defined for this indicator."}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": ""}]}, {"type": "h4", "children": [{"text": "Related policy documents"}]}, {"type": "ul", "children": [{"type": "li", "children": [{"text": ""}, {"url": "https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/24561/145397.pdf", "data": {"link": {"external": {"external_link": "https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/24561/145397.pdf", "target": "_self"}}}, "type": "a", "children": [{"text": "2030 Climate and Energy Framework"}]}, {"text": ". EUCO 169/14 European Council (23 and 24 October 2014) \u2012 Conclusions EUCO 169/14 "}]}, {"type": "li", "children": [{"text": ""}, {"url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52020PC0080&from=EN", "data": {"link": {"external": {"external_link": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52020PC0080&from=EN", "target": "_self"}}}, "type": "a", "children": [{"text": "European Climate Law proposal"}]}, {"text": ". Proposal for a REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL establishing the framework for achieving climate neutrality and amending Regulation (EU) 2018/1999 (European Climate Law) "}]}, {"type": "li", "children": [{"text": ""}, {"url": "https://ec.europa.eu/transport/sites/transport/files/legislation/com20200789-annex.pdf", "data": {"link": {"external": {"external_link": "https://ec.europa.eu/transport/sites/transport/files/legislation/com20200789-annex.pdf", "target": "_self"}}}, "type": "a", "children": [{"text": "Sustainable and Smart Mobility Strategy"}]}, {"text": ". COM(2020) 789 final ANNEX to the COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS Sustainable and Smart Mobility Strategy \u2013 putting European transport on track for the future {SWD(2020) 331 final} "}]}, {"type": "li", "children": [{"text": ""}, {"url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52019DC0640", "data": {"link": {"external": {"external_link": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52019DC0640", "target": "_self"}}}, "type": "a", "children": [{"text": "The European Green Deal"}]}, {"text": ". Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions (COM(2019) 640 final)"}]}]}]
1
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[{"type": "p", "children": [{"url": "https://rod.eionet.europa.eu/instruments/690", "type": "a", "data": {"link": {"external": {"external_link": "https://rod.eionet.europa.eu/instruments/690", "target": "_self"}}}, "children": [{"text": "Regulation on the Governance of the Energy Union and Climate Action"}]}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"url": "https://rod.eionet.europa.eu/instruments/411", "type": "a", "data": {"link": {"external": {"external_link": "https://rod.eionet.europa.eu/instruments/411", "target": "_self"}}}, "children": [{"text": "UNFCCC"}]}]}]
Layout
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Without the implementation of additional measures, an increase could be observed until 2025, while the subsequent projected reductions would still leave transport emissions in 2030 around 9% above 1990 levels. If Member States implement the additional measures planned to reduce transport emissions, these would peak in 2022 and be reduced thereafter. With these additional measures, 2030 emissions would reach a level of 6% below 1990 levels. Most planned policies and measures in the transport sector focus on promoting low-carbon fuels or electric cars, as well as encouraging a modal shift to public transport.", "@type": "slate", "value": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"text": "National projections indicate that Member States expect an increase in transport emissions in the coming years. Without the implementation of additional measures, an increase could be observed until 2025, while the subsequent projected reductions would still leave transport emissions in 2030 around 9% above 1990 levels. If Member States implement the additional measures planned to reduce transport emissions, these would peak in 2022 and be reduced thereafter. With these additional measures, 2030 emissions would reach a level of 6% below 1990 levels. Most planned policies and measures in the transport sector focus on promoting low-carbon fuels or electric cars, as well as encouraging a modal shift to public transport."}]}]}, "ed569235-0a97-4dba-87bd-ff17c2593023": {"plaintext": "The EU\u2019s domestic transport emissions increased steadily between 2013 and 2019 because of growth in passenger transport and inland freight volumes (which are closely related to economic growth trends). The emissions then decreased by 13.6% between 2019 and 2020, because of a drastic decrease in transport activity during the COVID-19 pandemic. According to preliminary estimates, emissions increased by 7.7% in 2021, following a rebound effect of the economy. For comparison, in the years following the economic crisis a decade ago, emissions decreased by 1-3% per year.", "@type": "slate", "value": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"text": "The EU\u2019s domestic transport emissions increased steadily between 2013 and 2019 because of growth in passenger transport and inland freight volumes (which are closely related to economic growth trends). The emissions then decreased by 13.6% between 2019 and 2020, because of a drastic decrease in transport activity during the COVID-19 pandemic. According to preliminary estimates, emissions increased by 7.7% in 2021, following a rebound effect of the economy. For comparison, in the years following the economic crisis a decade ago, emissions decreased by 1-3% per year. "}]}]}}, "blocks_layout": {"items": ["b0279dde-1ceb-4137-a7f1-5ab7b46a782c", "ed569235-0a97-4dba-87bd-ff17c2593023", "0a10035b-3e2b-42c0-86a4-89e401e1a47f", "1542d5f4-a897-4d05-9289-997f202c6414"]}}, "as": "section", "disableInnerButtons": true, "readOnlySettings": true, "fixed": true, "placeholder": "Aggregate level assessment e.g. progress at global, EU level..", "@type": "group", "block": "0928e484-2efd-43d3-bb01-935655284fe7", "instructions": {"content-type": "text/html", "data": "<p><strong>Assessment text remains at</strong> <strong>the relevant</strong> <strong>aggregate level</strong> <strong>(i.e.</strong> <strong>global, EU, sectoral)</strong> <strong>and addresses the following: </strong></p><ol keys=\"dkvn8,e367c,f4lpb,9j981,7ai6k,3g3pd\" depth=\"0\"><li>Explains in one or two sentences on the environmental rationale of the indicator, i.e. why it matters to the environment that we see an increase/decrease in the value measured.</li><li>Explains in one or two sentences the associated policy objective, which can be either quantitative or directional. More information on the policy objective and related references will be included in the supporting information section. Where there is no policy objective associated with the indicator, i.e. where the indicator addresses an issue that is important for future policy formulation, this text should explain instead why this issue is important.</li><li>IF NECESSARY \u2014 Explains any mismatch between what the indicator tracks and what the policy objective/issue is.</li><li>Qualifies the historical trend (e.g. steady increase) and explains the key reasons (e.g. policies) behind it. If there is a quantitative target it explains if we are on track to meet it.</li><li>IF NECESSARY \u2014 Explains any recent changes to the trend and why.</li><li>IF NECESSARY \u2014 Describes what needs to happen to see adequate progress in future, for instance in order to remain on track to meet targets.</li></ol><p><strong>Please cite your work if</strong> <strong>necessary</strong> <strong>using the EEA citation style (i.e.</strong> <strong>EEA, 2020). A full reference list appears in the supporting information section.</strong></p>", "encoding": "utf8"}}, "27df67f6-3f81-4329-bbfd-fd3b7066a5e0": {"ignoreSpaces": true, "@layout": "d060487d-88fc-4f7b-8ea4-003f14e0fb0c", "allowedBlocks": ["slate"], "title": "Disaggregate level assessment", "maxChars": "1000", "required": true, "disableNewBlocks": false, "as": "section", "data": {"blocks": {"d3d49723-14e5-4663-b346-37ee3572f28d": {"plaintext": "", "required": true, "value": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"text": ""}]}], "readOnlySettings": true, "fixed": true, "@type": "slate", "instructions": {"content-type": "text/html", "data": "<p><br/></p>", "encoding": "utf8"}}, "646fd5aa-be98-4e7d-a482-ea5bc9335770": {"plaintext": "Aviation was particularly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, with international aviation emissions 58% lower in 2020 than in 2019. However, a drop in emissions due to the pandemic was temporary. Air traffic activity rose by 22% in 2021 and flight numbers are expected to return to 2019 levels by 2023 at the earliest .", "@type": "slate", "value": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"text": "Aviation was particularly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, with international aviation emissions 58% lower in 2020 than in 2019. However, a drop in emissions due to the pandemic was temporary. Air traffic activity rose by 22% in 2021 and flight numbers are expected to return to 2019 levels by 2023 at the earliest"}, {"data": {"footnote": "<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n <div class=\"csl-entry\">EUROCONTROL, 2022, 'EUROCONTROL Forecast Update 2022-2024', (https://www.eurocontrol.int/publication/eurocontrol-forecast-update-2022-2024) accessed October 10, 2022.</div>\n</div>\n", "zoteroId": "FXG68KAW", "uid": "98wqF", "footnoteTitle": "EUROCONTROL, 2022, EUROCONTROL Forecast Update 2022-2024"}, "type": "zotero", "children": [{"text": " "}]}, {"text": "."}]}]}, "8543bcae-c256-4107-a239-b3ff6e28e9f3": {"plaintext": "Road transport constitutes the highest proportion of overall transport emissions \u2014 in 2020 it emitted 77% of all EU transport GHGs (including domestic transport and international bunkers). As a majority of existing and planned measures in the Member States focus on road transport, this share is expected to decrease as road transport decarbonises faster than other transport modes. The largest increases up to 2030 are projected in the aviation sector, followed by international maritime transport, as they are not prioritised by national policies. These sub-sectors are therefore expected to constitute a higher proportion of transport sector emissions in the coming years.", "@type": "slate", "value": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"text": "Road transport constitutes the highest proportion of overall transport emissions \u2014 in 2020 it emitted 77% of all EU transport GHGs (including domestic transport and international bunkers). As a majority of existing and planned measures in the Member States focus on road transport, this share is expected to decrease as road transport decarbonises faster than other transport modes. The largest increases up to 2030 are projected in the aviation sector, followed by international maritime transport, as they are not prioritised by national policies. These sub-sectors are therefore expected to constitute a higher proportion of transport sector emissions in the coming years. 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