Burden of disease 2023 – Table 2

Page Last modified 24 Nov 2023

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This content is part of the Air quality in Europe 2023 package.

Table 2. Total country population, population-weighted mean concentrations and estimated number of attributable deaths, 2021

		PM_2.5		NO₂		O₃
Country	POP. (1,000)	Annual mean	Deaths	Annual mean	Deaths	SOMO35	Deaths
Austria	8,933	9.9	3,200	14.4	830	4,599	470
Belgium	11,555	10.7	5,100	15.7	1,400	2,229	310
Bulgaria	6,916	15.1	10,800	17.5	2,200	2,668	460
Croatia	4,036	14.6	3,800	12.6	370	5,232	340
Cyprus	1,241	14	630	23	240	8,182	90
Czechia	10,495	13.5	8,500	13.1	930	3,651	580
Denmark	5,840	8	1,200	7.3	40	2,106	130
Estonia	1,330	5.8	100	7.1	10	1,849	30
Finland	5,534	5	160	7.3	30	1,597	110
France	65,504	9.4	20,100	12.7	4,900	3,302	2,400
Germany	83,154	9.4	32,300	14.7	9,500	2,949	3,300
Greece	10,678	15.9	10,000	18	2,100	7,660	1,100
Hungary	9,731	14.4	10,400	15.5	1,700	4,665	830
Ireland	5,006	7	460	8.4	60	1,866	70
Italy	59,236	13.9	46,800	17.8	11,300	6,149	5,100
Latvia	1,893	10.7	1,400	9.9	130	1,853	70
Lithuania	2,796	11.4	2,100	10.8	200	2,404	120
Luxembourg	635	7.4	80	14	40	2,380	10
Malta	516	11.6	190	10.3	10	6,649	30
Netherlands	17,475	9.7	5,700	15.5	1,800	2,312	430
Poland	37,840	18.1	47,300	13.7	4,200	3,309	1,900
Portugal	9,797	7.4	2,100	10.7	550	3,473	460
Romania	19,202	14.3	19,600	18.6	4,900	3,001	1,000
Slovakia	5,460	15.4	5,400	12.4	390	3,970	330
Slovenia	2,109	12.2	1,200	12.9	160	5,450	140
Spain	45,229	9.5	14,100	14.8	4,600	4,688	2,300
Sweden	10,379	5.6	650	6.5	40	1,976	220

Albania	2,830	16.5	4,600	12.6	380	6,635	430
Andorra	78	8.6	20	17	10	2,496	<5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	3,825	21.9	9,000	12.8	550	5,152	450
Iceland	369	4.4	<5	6.8	<5	1,924	<5
Kosovo under UNSCR 1244/99	1,798	16.4	2,900	14.4	330	4,932	200
Liechtenstein	39	8.1	10	14.8	<5	4,355	<5
Monaco	38	9.6	10	18.4	10	6,917	<5
Montenegro	621	17.3	1,100	11	60	5,665	80
North Macedonia	2,069	22.3	5,000	14.9	400	4,248	200
Norway	5,391	5.8	400	8	90	1,677	80
San Marino	35	11.7	20	13.5	<5	5,303	<5
Serbia	6,871	20.5	14,800	15.9	1,600	4,693	740
Switzerland	8,670	8.3	1,700	14.2	580	4,154	320
Türkiye (TK)	83,614	N/A	N/A	26.2	13,000	5,127	2,600

EU-27	442,519	11.4	253,000	14.4	52,000	3,794	22,000
EEA-32 (excluding TK)	456,989	11.3	255,000
EEA-32	540,603			16.2	66,000	3,984	25,000
All countries (excluding TK)	475,154	11.6	293,000
All countries	558,768			16.1	69,000	4,020	27,000

Notes: SOMO35 is the annual sum of daily maximum running 8-h average concentrations over 35 ppb (or 70 µg/m³).

Population (POP) for every country and every aggregation is rounded to the nearest thousand.

The first group of countries correspond to the EU-27 and they are in alphabetical order. The rest are presented underneath, starting with Albania.

Deaths are rounded for every country to the nearest hundred if the number is above 1,000 and to the nearest ten if the number is below 1,000.

Total deaths are rounded (once the unrounded national totals have been added) to the nearest thousand for EU-27, EEA-32 and all countries.

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Geographic coverage

Albania Andorra Austria Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czechia Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Kosovo (UNSCR 1244/99) Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Monaco Montenegro Netherlands North Macedonia Norway Poland Portugal Romania San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey

For references, please go to https://eea.europa.eu./publications/harm-to-human-health-from-air-pollution/table-2 or scan the QR code.

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