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Table 2. Total country population, population-weighted mean concentrations and the estimated number of attributable premature deaths by country in 2020
| PM2.5 | NO2 | O3 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Country | Population 1,000 inhabitants |
Annual mean concentrations |
Premature deaths |
Annual mean concentrations |
Premature deaths |
SOMO35 | Premature deaths |
| Austria | 8,901 | 9.9 | 3,200 | 14.3 | 810 | 4,584 | 470 |
| Belgium | 11,522 | 9.4 | 3,900 | 14.3 | 1,100 | 3,798 | 530 |
| Bulgaria | 6,951 | 17 | 10,600 | 16.7 | 1,700 | 2,967 | 430 |
| Croatia | 4,058 | 15.4 | 4,100 | 13.1 | 420 | 4,760 | 300 |
| Cyprus | 1,230 | 14 | 560 | 20.8 | 180 | 6,295 | 60 |
| Czechia | 10,694 | 12.5 | 6,900 | 12.5 | 740 | 4,252 | 620 |
| Denmark | 5,823 | 7.6 | 1,000 | 7.5 | 40 | 2,287 | 140 |
| Estonia | 1,329 | 5.4 | 60 | 5.8 | <10 | 1,468 | 30 |
| Finland | 5,525 | 4.4 | 60 | 6.2 | 10 | 1,365 | 80 |
| France | 65,178 | 8.6 | 16,500 | 12.2 | 4,400 | 4,271 | 3,100 |
| Germany | 83,166 | 9.1 | 28,900 | 15.2 | 10,000 | 4,195 | 4,600 |
| Greece | 10,718 | 14.5 | 8,800 | 16.9 | 1,900 | 6,167 | 920 |
| Hungary | 9,770 | 14.5 | 9,500 | 14.9 | 1,400 | 4,044 | 640 |
| Ireland | 4,964 | 7.1 | 490 | 7.4 | 50 | 1,908 | 70 |
| Italy | 59,641 | 15 | 52,300 | 17.7 | 11,200 | 6,067 | 5,100 |
| Latvia | 1,908 | 9.1 | 830 | 9.7 | 100 | 1,699 | 50 |
| Lithuania | 2,794 | 9.8 | 1,500 | 10.1 | 140 | 2,044 | 100 |
| Luxembourg | 626 | 7.3 | 80 | 15.8 | 50 | 4,272 | 20 |
| Malta | 515 | 10.2 | 150 | 11 | 10 | 6,592 | 30 |
| Netherlands | 17,408 | 9.1 | 5,000 | 15.9 | 1,800 | 3,426 | 640 |
| Poland | 37,958 | 16 | 36,500 | 13.1 | 3,400 | 3,216 | 1,700 |
| Portugal | 9,795 | 8.1 | 2,600 | 12.5 | 850 | 3,585 | 470 |
| Romania | 19,329 | 15.2 | 21,600 | 15.1 | 3,100 | 2,955 | 1,000 |
| Slovakia | 5,458 | 14.5 | 3,900 | 11.3 | 210 | 3,867 | 260 |
| Slovenia | 2,096 | 12.5 | 1,300 | 12.8 | 150 | 5,008 | 130 |
| Spain | 45,166 | 10 | 17,000 | 14.6 | 4,800 | 4,522 | 2,400 |
| Sweden | 10,328 | 4.8 | 370 | 6.5 | 40 | 2,181 | 240 |
| Albania | 2,846 | 15.6 | 3,600 | 12.8 | 330 | 5,678 | 310 |
| Andorra | 78 | 8.5 | 20 | 17.6 | 10 | 2,812 | <10 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 3,825 | 25.8 | 9,200 | 14.1 | 610 | 4,047 | 300 |
| Iceland | 364 | 4.2 | < 1 | 7.2 | <10 | 1,582 | <10 |
| Kosovo | 1,782 | 19.4 | 3,100 | 14.4 | 260 | 3,901 | 130 |
| Liechtenstein | 39 | 8.1 | 10 | 15.3 | <10 | 4,976 | <10 |
| Monaco | 38 | 10.5 | 20 | 18.1 | 10 | 6,445 | <10 |
| Montenegro | 622 | 17.4 | 920 | 13.7 | 90 | 4,338 | 50 |
| North Macedonia | 2,076 | 20.3 | 3,800 | 14.2 | 290 | 4,345 | 180 |
| Norway | 5,368 | 4.6 | 160 | 8.2 | 90 | 2,042 | 90 |
| San Marino | 35 | 12.8 | 20 | 13.2 | <10 | 5,387 | <10 |
| Serbia | 6,927 | 22.7 | 14,400 | 14.9 | 1,200 | 3,099 | 420 |
| Switzerland | 8,606 | 8.1 | 1,700 | 14.5 | 660 | 5,387 | 450 |
| Türkiye | 83,155 | N/A | N/A | 24.9 | 12,300 | 4,561 | 2,300 |
| EU27 | 442,851 | 11.2 | 238,000 | 14.1 | 49,000 | 4,182 | 24,000 |
| EEA32 excluding Türkiye | 457,228 | 11 | 240,000 | ||||
| EEA32 | 540,383 | 15.7 | 62,000 | 4,237 | 27,000 | ||
| All countries excluding Türkiye | 475,456 | 11.4 | 275,000 | ||||
| All countries | 558,612 | 15.7 | 64,000 | 4,228 | 28,000 | ||
Note: SOMO35 is the accumulated O3 concentration (daily maximum 8-hour mean) in excess of 35 ppb (i.e. 70 μg/m3 for O3). This aggregation has been selected because it is recommended in (WHO, 2013) for estimating the health impacts of exposure to O3.
The annual mean (in μg/m3) and the SOMO35 (in μg/m3·days), expressed as population-weighted mean concentrations, are obtained according to the methodology described by ETC/HE 12/2022 and references therein and not only from monitoring stations.
The population for each country and every aggregation are rounded to the nearest thousand.
Premature deaths are rounded, for every country, to the nearest hundred if the number is above 1,000 - and to the nearest ten if the number is below 1,000.
Premature deaths are rounded (once the unrounded national totals have been added) to the nearest thousand for the EU-27, EEA-32 and all countries.
For references, please go to https://eea.europa.eu./publications/air-quality-in-europe-2022/health-impacts-of-air-pollution-table2 or scan the QR code.
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