Annex I

7. ANNEX I - QUESTIONNAIRE TO EUROPEAN ENVIRONMENTAL JOURNALISTS

1. In your opinion, how do you think environmental issues are reported in the mass media of your country?

a) Not enough.

b) Enough.

c) Too much.

d) Don't have an opinion.

Chose one:

Comment optional:

2. If more environmental information were to be forecasted by means of an active policy, which type would you increase:

a) information about environmental policies.

b) information about environmental indicators.

c) information about negative effects of current trends.

d) information about how to deal with those negative effects.

List in order the main two:

Comment optional:

3. Of the following environmental issues, which ones do you think currently receive more media attention in your country?

a) Water pollution.

b) Air pollution.

c) Soil pollution and erosion.

d) Waste hazards and conflicts.

e) Overpopulation.

f) Noise pollution.

g) Biodiversity and loss of habitats.

h) Destruction of rural countryside.

i) Hazards related to nuclear power.

j) Acid rain.

k) Ozone layer depletion.

l) Depletion of non-renewable resources and energy.

m) Climate change and global warming.

n) Risks related to biotechnology.

o) Sustainable development.

List in order the main three:

Comment optional:

4. And of the above listed environmental issues, which ones do you think SHOULD currently receive more media attention now in your country?

List in order the main three:

Comment optional:

5. Some studies have revealed that environmental information in some countries is relatively small in comparison to other kinds of information, such as sport, economics or politics. Why do you think it is so? Is it maybe because environmental information:

a) is boring.

b) is depressing.

c) is difficult to understand.

d) has little to do with important things in people's daily life.

e) is interesting to people, but they can do little or nothing about it.

f) affect interests of politicians so they put pressure to avoid it.

g) affect interests of private companies so they put pressure to avoid it.

h) newspapers are afraid of losing sales, and TV of losing audiences.

i) reporters do not know what to say.

h) Because of other reasons, see comment.

List in order the main three:

Comment optional:

6. To your view, which means is most widely used by the public in your country to obtain environmental information?

a) Newspapers.

b) Television.

c) Radio.

d) Specialised books and magazines.

e) Informal conversations with friends, family or colleagues at work.

f) Public talks or conferences at schools or at University.

g) I do not have an opinion.

-List in order the main two:

Comment optional:

7. And which one of the above means of communication provides the most credible environmental information?

a) Newspapers.

b) Television.

c) Radio.

d) Specialised books and magazines.

e) Informal conversations with friends, family or colleagues at work.

f) Public talks or conferences at schools or at University.

g) I do not have an opinion.

List in order the main two:

Comment optional:

8. In your opinion, who do you think produces or influences more the production of environmental information in your country?

a) Professional reporters, by its own initiative.

b) Governmental organisations.

c) Non-governmental organisations.

d) Industries and private companies.

e) Newspaper and TV editors.

g) I do not have an opinion.

List in order the main two:

Comment optional:

9. According to your view, which are the main difficulties that reporters face when dealing with environmental information?

a) Lack of events to be reported.

b) Lack of places to publish.

c) Lack of public funding.

d) Lack of experts' opinions.

e) Lack of plural points of view.

f) Lack of citizens' interest.

g) Lack of citizens' knowledge.

h) Lack of reporters' specialist training.

i) Lack of appropriate information technologies.

j) Lack of independent institutions to help reporters.

k) Political pressures against it.

l) Economic pressures against it.

m) Editors' reluctance.

-List in order at least the main three:

Comment optional:

10. In your opinion, environmental information should deal mainly with:

a) Objective facts and processes according to scientists.

b) Opinions of environmentalist groups.

c) Governmental and official information.

d) Different points of view, even if contradictory.

List in order the main two:

Comment optional:

11. To your view, good environmental information implies that it is:

a) objective.

b) plural.

c) not sensationalist.

d) informative.

e) clear.

f) appealing to the public.

g) action-provoking.

i) other, see comment.

List in order the main two:

Comment optional:

12. In your opinion, most of environmental information in your country appears in:

a) the local mass media

b) the regional media.

c) the national media.

d) do not have an opinion.

Chose one:

Comment optional:

13. And at which level should this environmental information mostly be provided?

a) at the local level.

b) the regional level.

c) the national level.

d) do not have an opinion.

Chose one:

Comment optional:

14. If new political measures were going to be undertaken to promote mass media environmental information, which ones would you agree the most in?

a) Imposing minimum quotas of environmental information in some mass media.

b) Subsidising environmental information in some mass media.

c) Promoting university training for reporters.

d) Stimulating reading environmental media at school.

e) Creating independent institutions to promote environmental media.

f) Other, see comment

List in order the main two:

Comment optional:

15. Which of the following means would you promote more as a way of providing environmental information?

a) Nature documentaries.

b) TV and radio debates with experts and lay people.

c) Specialised regular environmental current affairs programmes.

d) Call in TV and radio programmes

e) Written articles in the general press

f) Written articles in the specialised press

g) Internet (web pages, chats, etc.)

h) Environmental focused exhibitions

i) Other, see comment

List in order the main two:

Comment optional:

16. Please answer the following questions by choosing a number between 1 and 9, meaning "1 = very little" and "9 =very much": In your view, do current mass media when dealing with environmental issues...?

a) increase people's information about environmental problems.

NUMBER:

b) increase people's concern about environmental problems.

NUMBER:

c) increase people's willingness to do act in an environmentally friendly way.

NUMBER:

d) increase people's willingness to support environmental policies.

NUMBER:

e) help societies to increase their sustainability.

NUMBER:

Comment optional:

17. In your opinion, which are the main and the best SOURCES of environmental information in your country? (you can cite two o more in order)

a) THE MAIN SOURCES USED:

b) THE BEST SOURCES USED:

18. Do you know of any relevant article or book dealing with the subjects of environmental information and communication in your country?. Please list if you do: