New cars sold in 2011 were 3.3 % more fuel efficient than those sold in 2010

There were 12.8 million new vehicles registered in the EU in 2011. The average CO₂ emissions for these cars was 135.7 grams CO₂ per kilometre, which is 4.6g CO₂/km less than in 2010 – a reduction of 3.3 %. A combination of changes in buying behaviour, improved technology and engine efficiency was mostly responsible for this reduction, according to EEA analysis.

In addition, the long-term reduction of emissions has been influenced by an increasing uptake of diesel cars, an ongoing trend which continued in 2011. The gap between average CO₂ emissions of new diesel and petrol vehicles has been narrowing in recent years – in 2011 it was just 3.2g CO₂/km. In 2011, 55.2 % of the vehicles registered in 2011 in Europe were diesel vehicles, an increase from 51.3% in 2010.

Jacqueline McGlade, Executive Director of the EEA said: “We can see new cars becoming more efficient year-on-year – a good example of regulation helping industry to make real improvements. It is also encouraging to see sales of electric cars starting to climb.”

In the EU, CO₂ emissions from road transport have increased by 23 % between 1990 and 2010, becoming responsible for approximately one fifth of the EU's total emissions. In order to cut greenhouse gas emissions from transport, carmakers have a collective target for the average car sold in the EU to emit a maximum of 130g CO₂/km by 2015 and 95g CO₂/km by 2020. Last year the EEA reported that manufacturers had some distance to go to meet the 2015 target.  However, on present trends, the industry as a whole is on track to meeting the 2015 CO2 target.

The preliminary figures will now be verified by car manufacturers before they are confirmed by the European Commission later this year.

Other findings

• Registration of new cars in the EU increased constantly between 2001 and 2007, peaking at 15.5 million cars, but has fallen continuously since. Between 2010 and 2011 the number of new car registrations increased in many Member States, notably Latvia (71%), Lithuania (68%) and Estonia (66%) , but fell in others, including Greece (-31 %), Portugal (-31%) and Spain (-17 %).
• The mass of new cars increased slightly in 2011 and is now back to the level seen in 2007 before the economic crisis. Nonetheless, engine capacity, measured in cm³, has decreased by 5 % compared to 2007.
• Registrations of vehicles using liquefied petroleum gas fell by 76% between 2010 and 2011. This was mostly due to a sharp decline in uptake in France and Italy, countries where this fuel is most commonly used.
• There were 8,700 pure electric cars registered in 2011. While this number is only 0.07 % of new cars registered, so did not significantly influence the EU average emissions, it is a 10-fold increase on 2010. 
• Portugal, Malta and Denmark had registered the most carbon-efficient cars on average, with emissions of 125g CO₂/km or less. At the less efficient end of the spectrum, new cars registered in Estonia, Latvia and Bulgaria had more than 150g CO₂/km on average.

Figure: Evolution of CO2 emissions from new passenger cars by fuel (EU‑27 *)

Click for larger figure

Source: Monitoring of CO2 emissions from passenger cars

About this data

For the second year, EEA has collected Member States’ data on passenger cars registrations, in accordance with the Regulation 443/2009, and collated them in a database which covers all passenger vehicles registered in Europe in 2011.

Data collected includes information on CO₂ emissions and mass of the vehicles, reported by all Member States in order to evaluate the performance of the new vehicle fleet towards the CO₂ emission target (130g CO₂/km by 2015).

According to Article 8 of the Regulation 443/2009, Member States must submit information to the European Commission for each new passenger car registered on their territory. There were some late submissions this year, although the EEA has noted improvements in the data submitted for some Member States.