Industrial pollutant releases to air in Europe

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Indicator

workflow

Content responsible Head of Group adds a pickup list of EEA Heads of Group that is responsible for the content.

Consultation members emails List of consultation members emails, separated by commas.

Kontakt Contact info

Metadata

Temporal coverage This property is read-only and it is automatically extracted from this indicator's data visualizations.

Geographic coverage This property is read-only and it is automatically extracted from this indicator's data visualizations

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UN SDGs Sustainable Development Goals - Choose max 2 goals

Industry, innovation and infrastructure

Typology Typology

DPSIR DPSIR (drivers, pressures, state, impact and response model of intervention) is a causal framework for describing the interactions between society and the environment: Human impact on the environment and vice versa because of the interdependence of the components.

Supporting information

Methodology Methodology for indicator calculation and for gap filling. Where relevant, include changes to methodology and subsequent implications for comparability. Also include uncertainties in relation to the indicator calculation and/or to gap filling) if these are considerable.

[{"type": "h4", "children": [{"text": "Methodology for indicator calculation"}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": "Queries are applied to the Industrial Emissions Database (where the E-PRTR is included) to extract and aggregate emissions reported individually for each operator in Europe to produce figure 1 and 2. Emissions are aggregated at country and European level, indexed to 2010 levels and a trend line is then constructed."}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": ""}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": "For Fig. 1, the gross added value is indexed to 2010 levels and a trend line constructed."}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": ""}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": "Gap filling was performed to complete data missing for some countries in the last years of the timeline. Future versions will account to more complete datasets as countries resolve these issues as time passes by."}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": ""}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": "While E-PRTR contains data since 2007, the earlier years are known as incomplete and of lesser quality. This has led to the indicator showing data as from 2010."}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": ""}, {"type": "strong", "children": [{"text": ""}]}, {"text": ""}]}, {"type": "h4", "children": [{"text": ""}, {"type": "strong", "children": [{"text": ""}]}, {"text": "Methodology for gap filling"}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": "Germany, Lithuania and Slovakia did not report any data from 2017; Italy and Malta did not report any data for 2020. In these cases, the most recent data available have been used to populate the emissions trend."}, {"url": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/industrial-pollution-in-europe-4/assessment/#methodology", "type": "a", "data": {"link": {"external": {"external_link": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/industrial-pollution-in-europe-4/assessment/#methodology", "target": "_self"}}}, "children": [{"text": ""}]}, {"text": ""}]}]

Data sources and providers This property is read-only and it is automatically extracted from this indicator's data visualizations

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Definition Clear definition of the indicator, including references to standards and classifications

[{"type": "p", "children": [{"text": "This indicator tracks trends of industrial emissions of selected air pollutants. The indicator includes releases of carbon dioxide (CO"}, {"type": "sub", "children": [{"text": "2"}]}, {"text": "), the most significant greenhouse gas, acidifying pollutants (sulphur oxides (SO"}, {"type": "sub", "children": [{"text": "x"}]}, {"text": "), nitrogen oxides (NO"}, {"type": "sub", "children": [{"text": "x"}]}, {"text": ")), and other pollutants that damage human health and the environment, such as particulate matter (PM"}, {"type": "sub", "children": [{"text": "10"}]}, {"text": "), non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) and heavy metals (Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg). These trends are presented together with the trend of gross value added (GVA) by industry, as an indicator of the economic contribution of the sector.\u00a0"}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": ""}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": "The aggregated EU-27 trends feature in Figure 1 while country specific trend changes are offered in Figure 2."}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": ""}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": "The geographical coverage comprises the 27-EU Member States (EU-27) (Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czechia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, and Sweden)."}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": ""}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": "The temporal coverage is 2010-2020. Data were reported to the European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E-PRTR)."}]}]

Unit of measure Unit in which data values are measured.

Policy / environmental relevance The degree to which the indicator meets current/potential needs of users

[{"type": "p", "children": [{"text": "Anthropogenic air emissions contribute to a wide range of detrimental effects for the environment and human health. While many human activities contribute to these emissions, industry is a very significant sources. This indicator presents substances where industry contribution is particularly relevant."}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": ""}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": "The European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E-PRTR) require industry operators to submit, among other data, values for releases of pollutants to the atmosphere across 91 pollutants."}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": ""}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": "Air pollution and air quality are regulated through various mechanisms in the EU. Industrial air emissions operate with a dedicated policy, Directive 2010/75/EU on industrial emissions. This EU legislation imposes a case-by-case permit for large industrial operators which contains emission limit values to air. These emissions, when above certain annual load thresholds, are to be reported to the European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (e-PRTR)."}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": ""}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": "This indicator is useful to capture how the industrial emission policy contributes to a progressive reduction of air releases in Europe. Due to the way the reporting mechanisms are designed, this indicator reflects emissions from large operators and only when annual releases are above the legally established thresholds. In other words, the indicator tracks emissions significant at a European scale and does not cover emissions from smaller operators."}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": ""}]}, {"type": "h4", "children": [{"text": "Targets"}]}, {"type": "p", "children": [{"text": "No target is specified."}]}]

Frequency of dissemination Time interval at which the indicator is published (in years, from 1 to 5). E.g. use 1 if it is published yearly, 2 if it is published every 2 years and so on.

Accuracy and uncertainties Closeness of computations or estimates to the unknown exact or true values that the statistics were intended to measure; closeness of the initial estimated value to the subsequent estimated value. Includes, among others, comparability (geographical and over time).

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Institutional mandate This property is read-only and it is automatically extracted from this indicator's data visualizations

Layout

Blocks The JSON representation of the object blocks.

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Evidence points to EU policy as one of the key drivers of these positive developments as significant emissions reductions (over 50% since 2010) occurred in almost all countries that joined the European Union recently.", "@type": "slate", "value": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"text": "Some patterns can be identified. On the one hand, emissions of pollutants associated primarily to activities that include combustion processes (e.g. electricity producers, iron and steel works, cement plants), are generally decreasing across the board. This refers to emissions of NOx, SOx and PM"}, {"type": "sub", "children": [{"text": "10"}]}, {"text": ". This trend is consistent with the improvement of environmental performance of these industries and shifts of fuels (with a progressive abandonment of coal). 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Emissions of greenhouse gases (e.g. carbon dioxide (CO2)), and other pollutants (e.g. sulphur oxides (SOx), nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter (PM10) and heavy metals) all declined significantly. However, the value that industry generated for the European economy during this period increased, and therefore shows an increase in efficiency in terms of the ratio of emissions generated and the value output of the sector. The effects of COVID-19 is apparent in 2020 with a rebound in 2021 but confirming an overall declining trend of emissions in the latest year. ", "@type": "slate", "value": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"text": ""}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"text": ""}]}, {"text": "Industrial releases of air pollutants that damage human health and the environment decreased between 2010 and 2021 in Europe. Emissions of greenhouse gases (e.g. carbon dioxide (CO2)), and other pollutants (e.g. sulphur oxides (SOx), nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter (PM10) and heavy metals) all declined significantly. However, the value that industry generated for the European economy during this period increased, and therefore shows an increase in efficiency in terms of the ratio of emissions generated and the value output of the sector. The effects of COVID-19 is apparent in 2020 with a rebound in 2021 but confirming an overall declining trend of emissions in the latest year."}, {"type": "b", "children": [{"text": ""}]}, {"text": ""}]}]}, "2679fdcc-60be-47ea-90b6-435837793600": {"plaintext": "", "value": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"text": ""}]}], "readOnlySettings": true, "placeholder": "Summary", "@type": "slate", "instructions": {"content-type": "text/html", "data": "<p><br/></p>", "encoding": "utf8"}}}, "blocks_layout": {"items": ["e056dd3d-74c9-4764-96f6-2b4c65e4d3db"]}}, "as": "div", "readOnlySettings": true, "disableInnerButtons": true, "title": "Summary", "fixed": true, "placeholder": "Summary", "@type": "group", "instructions": {"content-type": "text/html", "data": "<p>The summary tells the reader about the indicator trend over the examined period and whether or not it helps to achieve the associated policy objective, which can be either quantitative or directional.</p><p>In the absence of a policy 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"zoteroId": "CM5Q67PW", "uid": "StEgD", "footnoteTitle": "UNECE, Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution"}, "type": "zotero", "children": [{"text": " "}]}, {"text": ", "}, {"data": {"footnote": "<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n <div class=\"csl-entry\">EU, 2013, Regulation (EU) No 525/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2013 on a mechanism for monitoring and reporting greenhouse gas emissions and for reporting other information at national and Union level relevant to climate change and repealing Decision No 280/2004/EC, OJ L 165, 18.6.2013, p. 13-40.</div>\n</div>\n", "zoteroId": "H3RLE3HE", "uid": "rpF23", "footnoteTitle": "EU, Regulation (EU) No\u00a0525/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21\u00a0May 2013 on a mechanism for monitoring and reporting greenhouse gas emissions and for reporting other information at national and Union level relevant to climate change and repealing Decision No\u00a0280/2004/EC"}, "type": "zotero", "children": [{"text": "Greenhouse Gas Monitoring Mechanism Regulation"}]}, {"text": " (CO"}, {"type": "sub", "children": [{"text": "2"}]}, {"text": ") and the "}, {"data": {"footnote": "<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n <div class=\"csl-entry\">EEA, 2019, 'The European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E-PRTR), Member States reporting under Article 7 of Regulation (EC) No 166/2006', <i>European Environment Agency</i> (https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/member-states-reporting-art-7-under-the-european-pollutant-release-and-transfer-register-e-prtr-regulation-18) accessed October 5, 2020.</div>\n</div>\n", "zoteroId": "E7QCPBDX", "uid": "xjlws", "footnoteTitle": "EEA, 2019, The European Pollutant Release and Trans"}, "type": "zotero", "children": [{"text": "European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E-PRTR)"}]}, {"text": ", which covers releases from large industrial facilities involved only in certain activities."}]}]}, "2772bd7a-6b67-4839-8242-124597d63704": {"plaintext": "Between 2010 and 2021, industrial releases of SO x and PM 10 decreased by about 70% in the EU. Other emissions decreased to a lesser extent: heavy metals (Cd, Hg and Pb) by 56%, NO x by 47%, NMVOC by 29% and CO 2 by 23%. During the same period, the value that industry generated for the economy \u2014 measured by gross added value (GVA) \u2014 increased, indicating that European industry has become less emission intensive as the ratio of air pollutant releases to the production of industrial goods decreased. GVA in 2021 returned to a pre COVID-19 pandemic level, which led to a rebound of emissions. However, the rebound is not fundamentally challenging the overall decrease of emission intensity by the sector.", "@type": "slate", "value": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"text": "Between 2010 and 2021, industrial releases of SO"}, {"type": "sub", "children": [{"text": "x"}]}, {"text": " and PM"}, {"type": "sub", "children": [{"text": "10 "}]}, {"text": "decreased by about 70% in the EU. Other emissions decreased to a lesser extent: heavy metals (Cd, Hg and Pb) by 56%, NO"}, {"type": "sub", "children": [{"text": "x"}]}, {"text": " by 47%, NMVOC by 29% and CO"}, {"type": "sub", "children": [{"text": "2"}]}, {"text": " by 23%. During the same period, the value that industry generated for the economy \u2014 measured by gross added value (GVA) \u2014 increased, indicating that European industry has become less emission intensive as the ratio of air pollutant releases to the production of industrial goods decreased. GVA in 2021 returned to a pre COVID-19 pandemic level, which led to a rebound of emissions. However, the rebound is not fundamentally challenging the overall decrease of emission intensity by the sector. "}]}]}, "3d536ec9-355c-4888-92b8-66c8a8cb238d": {"plaintext": "European industry results in the release of pollutants to air. These include greenhouse gases, such as CO 2 and acidifying pollutants (e.g. sulphur oxides \u2014 SO x ), and other pollutants that damage human health and the environment, such as nitrogen oxides (NO x ), particulate matter (in this case PM 10 ), non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) and heavy metals including cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg).", "@type": "slate", "value": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"text": "European industry results in the release of pollutants to air. These include greenhouse gases, such as CO"}, {"type": "sub", "children": [{"text": "2"}]}, {"text": " and acidifying pollutants (e.g. sulphur oxides \u2014 SO"}, {"type": "sub", "children": [{"text": "x"}]}, {"text": "), and other pollutants that damage human health and the environment, such as nitrogen oxides (NO"}, {"type": "sub", "children": [{"text": "x"}]}, {"text": "), particulate matter (in this case PM"}, {"type": "sub", "children": [{"text": "10"}]}, {"text": "), non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) and heavy metals including cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg)."}]}]}, "deb7e84d-d2c8-4491-90fa-3dc65fe02143": {"plaintext": "", "required": true, "value": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"text": ""}]}], "readOnlySettings": true, "fixed": true, "@type": "slate", "instructions": {"content-type": "text/html", "data": "<p><br/></p>", "encoding": "utf8"}}, "4143de90-49cb-4c14-b90d-52bc662b0025": {"plaintext": "To reduce pollutant emissions, natural resource use and waste generation, EU industrial policy aims to drive a transition to a strong, climate neutral industry based on circular material flows. Monitoring the release of air pollutants is key to tracking progress towards achieving this goal.", "@type": "slate", "value": [{"type": "p", "children": [{"text": "To reduce pollutant emissions, natural resource use and waste generation, EU industrial policy"}, {"data": {"footnote": "<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n <div class=\"csl-entry\">EC, undated, 'Industrial policy', (https://ec.europa.eu/growth/industry/policy_en) accessed October 5, 2020.</div>\n</div>\n", "zoteroId": "YHBHPNAM", "extra": [{"footnote": "<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>\n<div class=\"csl-bib-body\" style=\"line-height: 1.35; \">\n <div class=\"csl-entry\">EC, 2020, 'Making Europe’s businesses future-ready: A new industrial strategy for a globally competitive, green and digital Europe', (https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_20_416) accessed October 5, 2020.</div>\n</div>\n", "zoteroId": "KPZFG2C5", "footnoteTitle": "EC, 2020, Making Europe's businesses future-ready:"}], "uid": "f2Vgs", "footnoteTitle": "EC, undated, Industrial policy"}, "type": "zotero", "children": [{"text": " "}]}, {"text": " aims to drive a transition to a strong, climate neutral industry based on circular material flows. Monitoring the release of air pollutants is key to tracking progress towards achieving this goal."}]}]}}, "blocks_layout": {"items": ["b0279dde-1ceb-4137-a7f1-5ab7b46a782c", "3d536ec9-355c-4888-92b8-66c8a8cb238d", "4143de90-49cb-4c14-b90d-52bc662b0025", "af5dfce4-121f-4d66-a63f-77f3454f8047", "2772bd7a-6b67-4839-8242-124597d63704", "a8fe9028-a3c8-4c07-8b69-a489ffe77a11"]}}, "as": "section", "disableInnerButtons": true, "readOnlySettings": true, "fixed": true, "placeholder": "Aggregate level assessment e.g. progress at global, EU level..", "@type": "group", "block": "dd6339c2-a7e4-451d-9a93-c18745a207ce", "instructions": {"content-type": "text/html", "data": "<p><strong>Assessment text remains at</strong> <strong>the relevant</strong> <strong>aggregate level</strong> <strong>(i.e.</strong> <strong>global, EU, sectoral)</strong> <strong>and addresses the following: </strong></p><ol keys=\"dkvn8,e367c,f4lpb,9j981,7ai6k,3g3pd\" depth=\"0\"><li>Explains in one or two sentences on the environmental rationale of the indicator, i.e. why it matters to the environment that we see an increase/decrease in the value measured.</li><li>Explains in one or two sentences the associated policy objective, which can be either quantitative or directional. More information on the policy objective and related references will be included in the supporting information section. Where there is no policy objective associated with the indicator, i.e. where the indicator addresses an issue that is important for future policy formulation, this text should explain instead why this issue is important.</li><li>IF NECESSARY \u2014 Explains any mismatch between what the indicator tracks and what the policy objective/issue is.</li><li>Qualifies the historical trend (e.g. steady increase) and explains the key reasons (e.g. policies) behind it. If there is a quantitative target it explains if we are on track to meet it.</li><li>IF NECESSARY \u2014 Explains any recent changes to the trend and why.</li><li>IF NECESSARY \u2014 Describes what needs to happen to see adequate progress in future, for instance in order to remain on track to meet targets.</li></ol><p><strong>Please cite your work if</strong> <strong>necessary</strong> <strong>using the EEA citation style (i.e.</strong> <strong>EEA, 2020). A full reference list appears in the supporting information section.</strong></p>", "encoding": "utf8"}}}

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For references, please go to https://eea.europa.eu./ims/industrial-pollutant-releases-to-air or scan the QR code.

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