Annex 1: Teleworking and virtual mobility

Teleworking can reduce demand for commuting which currently accounts for 27-47% of daily travel. The impact of this strongly depends on the commuting mode.

Access to teleworking is not homogeneous and varies with levels of income, education, type of work, and geographical location (e.g. urban vs. rural, different member states).

Rebounds effects can be significant: teleworking can increase energy consumption (especially depending on office policies), trigger additional car use for non-work trips (due to additional resources) and result in even longer-terms effects (relocation).