Total energy Research and Development expenditure, EU-15 Member States and EU level funding

Figures are in 2006 constant prices. MS means Member States. Framework programme expenditure has been estimated as an annual average over the duration of the programme (2002-2006). Non-nuclear research includes renewable energy, energy conservation, fossil fuel production, power production and storage technologies and cross-cutting research. Where 2005 MS data is not available the most recent figures available have been assumed: Czech Republic, Netherlands = 2003, Greece = 2002, Luxembourg = 2000, Belgium = 1999.