Table of Contents

1.1 Background

1.2 Role of the EEA

2. STEPS IN DESIGNING THE NETWORK

3. INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE EEA

3.1 Why is information needed?

3.2 The role of the European Environment Agency

3.3 European policy

3.4 Identification of key questions

3.5 Presentation of results

4. THE NEED FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF MONITORING STATION

4.1 Surface water quality

4.2 Surface water quantity

4.3 Groundwater quality

4.4 Groundwater quantity

5. REPRESENTATIVES OF CURRENT MONITORING PROGRAMMES IN EUROPE

5.1 Definition of representativeness

5.2 Surface water qualtity

5.3 Surface water quantity

5.4 Groundwater quality

5.5 Groundwater quantity

5.6 International databases

6. EXISTING SOURCES OF MONITORING INFORMATION

6.1 Monitoring required under EC directives

6.2 International agreeements

7. OPTIONS FOR THE BASIS OF THE EEA MONITORING NETWORK

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Options for monitoring site/information selection

7.3 Stratification of sample sites

7.4 Ecological quality network

8. PROPOSED RIVER MONITORING NETWORK

8.1 Definition of river and monitoring station types

8.2 Indicative example of site selection for rivers

8.3 Selection of sites for surface water quantity monitoring network

8.4 Sampling frequency

8.5 Selection of determinants

9. PROPOSED LAKE/RESERVOIR MONITORING NETWORK

9.1 Introduction

9.2 General surveillance network

9.3 Sampling frequency

9.4 Selection of determinants

10. PROPOSED GROUNDWATER MONITORING NETWORK

10.1 Selection of sites for groundwater monitoring network

10.2 Proposed network

10.3 Sampling frequency

10.4 Selection of determinants

11. MONITORING METHODOLOGY

12. QUALITY CONTROL AND ASSURANCE

12.1 Information transfer to the Agency

12.2 Data quality control

12.3 Analytical performance

12.4 Analytical quality control

13. ASSESSMENT OF INFORMATION GAPS IN EXISTING MONITORING PROGRAMMES

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Rivers

13.3 Lakes

13.4 Groundwater

14. CONCLUSIONS

15. RECOMMENDATIONS

16. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

17. REFERENCES

APPENDICES

APPENDIX A Statistical considerations in monitoring

APPENDIX B Automatic water quality monitoring

APPENDIX C Commonly used analytical methods