Perception of noise (all sources) as a problem in European cities compared to road noise (major source of environmental noise) levels reported in the urban agglomerations correlated to processes of centralisation (c), decentralisation (d) and no change (n

The left diagram shows a ranking from relatively less noise problems perceived down to cities with highly perceived noise problems (dataset 2). The right diagram shows in addition the reported noise data under the Environmental Noise Directive 2002/49/EC (dataset 1). The colour of the city names indicates if the population moves rather towards the centres or to the edge or develops similarly in the centre and the edge (dataset 3)