The red line indicates the average estimate for marginal external cost of a passenger train (EUR 2.68 per vehicle-km). Marginal cost levels differ per country and depend on location, time of day, emission standard and noise standard etc. Since no data are available for average marginal cost levels in different countries, general values for best and worst cases have been used (Infras/IWW, 2004; Infras, 2000).
